Junior Telecom Officers(Electrical)

Scheme and Syllabus for the Recruitment of Junior Telecom Officers(Electrical)
Examination - 2008

SCHEME

For direct recruitment of JTOs(Electrical), an objective type examination of one paper
of three hours duration consisting of following sections will be conducted :-
Section-I : Electrical Engineering : 50 questions
Section-II : Electrical Engineering : 50 questions
Section-III : General Awareness : 20 questions

The questions will be so designed as to assess the ability of the candidates to apply their
technical knowledge to the solution of the problems.

The syllabus for JTOs(Electrical) Paper will as given below.

SYLLABUS
SECTION-I - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

1. EM Theory
Electric and magnetic fields. Gauss's Law and Amperes Law. Fields in dielectrics,
conductors and magnetic materials. Maxwell's equations. Time varying fields. Plane-
Wave propagating in dielectric and conducting media. Transmission lines.

2. Electrical Materials
Band Theory, Conductors, Semi-conductors. and Insulators. Superconductivity.
Insulators for electrical and electronic applications. Magnetic materials. Ferro and ferri
magnetism. Ceramics, Properties and applications. Hall effect alJd its applications.
Special semi conductors.

Page 25 of 283. Electrical Circuits
Circuits elements. Kirchoff's Laws. Mesh and nodal analysis. Network Theorems and
applications. Natural response and forced response. Transient response and steady
state response for arbitrary inputs. Properties of networks in terms of poles and zeros.
Transfer function. Resonant circuits. Three phase circuits. Two-port networks.
Elements of two-element network synthesis.
4. Measurements and Instrumentation
Units and Standards. Error analysis, measurement of current, Voltage, power, Power-
factor and energy. Indicating instruments. Measurement of resistance, inductance,
Capacitance and frequency. Bridge measurements. Electronic measuring instruments.
Digital Voltmeter and frequency counter. Transducers and their applications to the
measurement of non-electrical quantities like temperature, pressure, flow-rate
displacement, acceleration, noise level etc. Data acquisition systems. AID and D/A
converters.
5. Control System
Mathematical modelling of physical systems. Block diagrams and signal flow graphs
and their reduction. Time domain and frequency domain analysis of linear dynamical
system. Errors for different type of inputs and stability criteria for feedback systems.
Stability analysis using Routh-Hurwitz array, Nyquist plot and Bode plot. Root locus
and Nicols chart and the estimation of gain and phase margin. Basic concepts of
compensator design. State variable matrix and its use in system modelling and
design. Sampled data system and performance of such a system with the samples in
the error channel. Stability of sampled data system. Elements of non-linear control
analysis. Control system components, electromechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic
components.
SECTION-II - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
1. Electrical Machines and Power Transformers
Magnetic Circuits - Analysis and Design of Power transformers. Construction and
testing. Equivalent circuits. Losses and efficiency. Regulation. Auto-transformer, 3-
phase transformer. Parallel operation.
Basic concepts in rotating machines. EMF, torque, basic machine types. Construction
and operation, leakage losses and efficiency.
Page 26 of 28D.C. Machines. Construction, Excitation methods. Circuit models. Armature reaction
and commutation. Characteristics and performance analysis. Generators and motors.
Starting and speed control. Testing, Losses and efficiency.
Synchronous Machines. Construction. Circuit model. Operating characteristics and
performance analysis. Synchronous reactance. Efficiency. Voltage regulation. Salient-
pole machine, Parallel operation. . tiunting. Short circuit transients.
Induction Machines. Construction. Principle of operation. Rotating fields.
Characteristics and performance analysis. Determination of circuit model. Circle
diagram. Starting and speed control.
Fractional KW motors. Single-phase synchronous and induction motors.
2. Power systems
Types of Power Stations, Hydro, Thermal and Nuclear Stations. Pumped storage
plants. Economics and operating factors.
Power transmission lines. Modeling and performance characteristics. Voltage control.
Load flow studies. Optimal power system operation. Load frequency control.
Symmetrical short circuit analysis. ZBus formulation. Symmetrical Components. Per
Unit representation. Fault analysis. Transient and steady-state stability of power
systems. Equal area criterion.
Power system Transients. Power system Protection Circuit breakers. Relays. HVDC
transmission.
3. Analog and Digital Electronics and Circuits
Semiconductor device physics, PN junctions and transistors, circuit models and
parameters, FET, Zener, tunnel, Schottky, photo diodes and their applications,
rectifier circuits, voltage regulators and multipliers, switching behavior of diodes and
transistors.
Small signal amplifiers, biasing circuits, frequency response and improvement,
multistage amplifiers and feed-back amplifiers, D.C.
amplifiers, Oscillators. Large signal amplifiers, coupling methods, push pull amplifiers,
operational amplifiers, wave shaping circuits. Multivibrators and flip-flops and their
applications. Digital logic gate families, universal gates-combination circuits for
arithmetic and logic operational, sequential logic circuits. Counters, registers, RAM
and ROMs.
Page 27 of 28Page 28 of 28
4. Microprocessor
Microprocessor architecture-Instruction set and simple assembly language
programming. Interfacing for memory and I/O. Applications of Micro-processors in
power system.
5. Communication Systems
Types of modulation; AM, FM and PM. Demodulators. Noise and bandwidth
considerations. Digital communication systems. Pulse code modulation and
demodulation. Elements of sound and vision broadcasting. Carrier communication.
Frequency division and time division multiplexing, Telemetry system in power
engineering.
6. Power Electronics
Power Semiconductor devices. Thyristor. Power transistor, GTOs and
MOSFETS. Characteristics and operation. AC to DC Converters; 1phase and 3-phase
DC to DC Converters; AC regulators. Thyristor controlled reactors; switched capacitor
networks.
Inverters; single-phase and 3-phase. Pulse width modulation. Sinusoidal modulation
with uniform sampling. Switched mode power supplies.

SECTION-III - GENERAL ABILITY TEST
The candidate’s comprehension and understanding of general English shall be tested
through simple exercises. Questions on knowledge of current events and of such
matter of everyday observation and experience in their scientific aspects as may be
expected of an educated person. Questions will also be included on events and
developments in Tele Communications, History of India and Geography. These will be
of a nature, which can be answered without special study by an educated person.

A P P S C – A E E

PAPER – 1

GENERAL STUDIES

(COMMON FOR ALL CANDIDATES)

1. Science and Technology:

(A) General Science and Technology

(B) Role and impact of Science and Technology on India is development. (Questions will cover general appreciation and understanding of matters of everyday observation and experience as may be expected of a well – educated person who has not made a special study of science and technology disciplines)

2. INDIAN HISTORY AND CULTURE:

(A) Modern Indian history from 19th century to the present

(B) Nationalist Movement and Constitutional development

(C) Indian culture and Heritage including architecture, fine arts, dance forms music, paintings, folk arts and performing arts:

(D) History of andhradesa Society, Culture, Geography and Economic development

3. INDIAN POLITY:

General and broad understanding of the structural (institutions) and functional (processes) aspects of Indian political system

4. INDIAN ECONOMY AND GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA:

a) Structure of national economy

b) Economic development (including planning) since independence

c) Economic reforms

d) Physical economic and social geography of India.

5. CURRENT EVENTS:

Current events of regional, national and international importance

6. GENERAL MENTAL ABILITY:

(Reasoning and analytical abilities)

PAPER – 2

OPTIONAL ONLY FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SUBJECT

1. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS : active and passive network elements – dependent and independent sources response of passive elements to arbitrary excitations energy stored in inductance and capacitance kirchoffis loss – formations of mesh and nodel intergo differential equations – their solutions by classical and Laplace transformation methods -Transient and steady state response of RL,RC elements to impulse, step, ramp and sinusoidal inputs -single phase AC circuits methods of solutions poly phase circuits - analysis of balanced and unbalanced circuits – measurements of three phase power.

2. Electrical measurements and instruments: absolute and secondary instrument types – principle of operations of different type of instrument extension of instrument ranges – measurement of voltage, current, power and energy – localization of cable faults - Murray loop and varley loop tests – cathodes ray oscilloscope

3. Illumination: solid angle, luminous flux, luminous intensity -illumination and candle power- laws of illumination- flood lighting, street lighting – electric lamps.

4. DC generators and motors: types of DC generators - EMF equation constructional details - characteristics of shunt, series and compound generators – Armature reaction -types of DC motors – Torque developed in a DC motor - speed controls of DC motors and starters.

5. Transformers: constructional details - principle of operation - vector diagrams on no load and load – regulation and efficiency - equivalent circuits and tests for the determination of parameters of equivalent circuits - types of three phase transforms and their application Scott connection of transformers

6. 3 – Phase induction motors:

Principle of operation – cage and slip ring motors torque slip characteristics methods of speed control

7. 3- phase alternators: principle of operation and constructional details - types of alternators - synchronous impedance - voltage regulation short circuit ratio and its importance phase diagrams of round rotor and salient pole machines - synchronization behavior of an alternator connected to infinite bus - effect of varying excitation current and mechanical torque - power angle curves - control of active and relative powers

8. 3 – phase synchronous motors: principle of operation - torque developed and methods of staring - V and inverted V curves - effects of variations of excitation - synchronous condensers.

9. Single phase induction motors: type of single phase motors - types of single phase induction motors - characteristics and methods of string - shaded pole induction motor

PAPER – 3 :

OPTIONAL ONLY FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

1. Transmission & Distribution: Line constants – Inductance and Capacitance calculations Representation of over head lines – Short Medium and Long lines - ABCD constants Mechanical Design – Seg, Tension Calculations, Tuned Power Lines.

2. Over Head Line Insulators: Types of Insulators - Potential distributions over a string of suspension insulators - string efficiency - Methods of improving string efficiency.

3. Underground Cables: Insulation of cables - Grading of cables - Capacitance Measurement in cables - Testing of Cables - Power frequency withstand test.

4. Fault Calculations: Balanced Fault calculations on systems - Symmetrical components- Types of faults - Analysis of unbalanced faults

5. Generating Stations: Location and types, types of hydroelectric power stations, layout of a hydro power plant, types of turbines used - Pumped storage installations - Layout of thermal electric power stations, types of turbines used condensers, cooling towers, boiler feed pump; energy flow diagram of steam power plant. Nuclear power generation; nuclear fission types of nuclear power reactors – Principle of a fast breeder reactor

6. Protection: Characteristic of Relays – Over current, directional and distance protection of lines. Protection of Alternators against stator faults, rotor faults, loss of excitation, unbalanced loading, overloading, failure of prime – mover. Over speeding and over voltage. Protection of transformers against winding faults, overloads and external short circuits.

7. Circuit Breakers: Air – blast, oil, minimum oil, vacuum - sulphur hexafluoride and d.c. circuit breakers relative merits and demerits.

8. Economic Aspects: Generation costs and their classification, load curve, load utilization and plant capacity factors. Load sharing between base load and peak – load stations. Load forecasting. Economical distribution of load between unit within a plant and between plants. Modeling of fuel costs for thermal generation. Optimal operation of an all thermal generating system and of a hydro – thermal system. Consideration of transmission losses.

9. Utilization of Electrical Energy: Industrial drives – Motors for various drivers – Estimating and Rating – Testing of D. C. and A. C motors – Neutral Earthing