Thursday, November 19, 2009
Sunday, November 15, 2009
HAL 12 November 2008
Question
Answer
Question………………………
In phase controlled rectifiers PF
V(rms)/Vs
An SCR has half cycle surge current rating of 3000A for 50Hz. One cycle surge current will be?
I2t=I2subT
I=Isub*√(T/t)
t=total time period
T=half time period
A step-up chopper is feed from a 220v dc source to deliver a load voltage of 66o v.If the non conducting time is 100micro-sec then required pulse width will be.
Vin/(1-D)=Vout
220/(1-D)=660
D=2/3
Toff=Ton(1-D)
Ton=300 Micro sec
Good transformer oil contains how much amount of water in ppm?
8PPM
Lightning over voltage create how much volt?
Lightning over voltage depends upon the magnitude of lightning (KV)
K/s(s+1)(s+5) then find out the value of K so that system become stable
S3+6S2+5S+k----CE
Apply routh hurwitz criteria
S3 1 5
S2 6 K
S1 (30-k)/6
S0 K
(30-k)/6>0
30-K>0
k<30
If a square waveform is given to the supply side of a 2wdg transformer its
o/p waveform will be
Triangular Wave
SC test done on transformer
To find Out the Copper losses And Series Parameters
If a transformer is operating in .8 PF lag & at efficiency of .9
if now P is .8 lead the efficiency will become
0.9 Only Because Efficiency curve is Single valued cure
Dielectric strength of air is?
30 kv/cm peak or 21.1 kv/cm rms
The voltage of a generator and an infinite bus are given
0.92, 10 deg & 1.0, 0 deg respectively the generator acts as a
Synchronous generator
A wave will not experience any reflection when impedance of line is equal to
Surge impedance
400 ohms for over head lines
40 to 50 ohms for cables
Power transmitted is related to system voltage as
P=EV/Xs Sinδ
Surge wave is attended by
Resistor
In galvanometer damping is provided by
Mechanical and electromagnetic
Megger is used for
Measurement of Very high resistance like insulation resistance of the cable etc
Its working principle is based on moving coil
AC is applied against a moving coil meter it will read
Zero if frequency is high
Oscillate around zero if frequency is low
Rectifier type instrument measures what value
RMS
Advantage of electrostatic instrument is
More accurate
Loading effect is low
Fast response etc.
Creeping occurs because
Over compensation due to frictional forces
Over voltage across pressure coil
Why 2 holes are drilled oppositely in disc of energy meter
To eliminate the creeping
Energy meter is_____ type equipment
Integrating / recording
Inductance is measured by which bridge
Maxwell’s, Anderson, Hay’s, Owen’s bridge
Which type of motor is used in refrigerator?
Capacitor Start and run Single phase induction motor
Corona’s advantage
To increases the virtual diameter of conductor
To protect the conductor from Switching over voltages
Reflection coefficient of current in open ended line is
-1
Reflection coefficient of voltage in open ended line is
1
Reflection coefficient of current in short circuit line is
1
Reflection coefficient of voltage in short circuit line is
-1
Calculation of making current when MVA & KV was given.
Making current=2.5*breaking current
Breaking current=MVA/KV
he o/p voltage e1 & e2 of 2 full-bridge inverters added using o/p transformer. In order to eliminate 5th harmonic from o/p voltage, the phase angle between e1&e2 will be-
36◦
A single phase fully controlled line commutated ac-dc converter operates as an inverter when-
α > 90◦
Why rotor of SCIM is skewed?
To eliminate the slot harmonics in the rotor
Magnetostriction is occurs in
AC circuits’ only
Interlopes are connected for?
To eliminate the Armature reaction
Identify type by pu value Xd”=0.3, Xd’=0.3, X0=0.6?
Transmission line
What to do for converting sine wave to triangular wave?
Integrating
Wave shape of armature mmf?
Triangular wave
Emf in a conductor is directly proportional to?
E α ΦZNP
What’s the order of Jacobin matrix for 20 no. of bus bar?
=2n-2
N=no of buses
=38
How many watt meters required to measure 3phase 4 wire system?
3
Answer
Question………………………
In phase controlled rectifiers PF
V(rms)/Vs
An SCR has half cycle surge current rating of 3000A for 50Hz. One cycle surge current will be?
I2t=I2subT
I=Isub*√(T/t)
t=total time period
T=half time period
A step-up chopper is feed from a 220v dc source to deliver a load voltage of 66o v.If the non conducting time is 100micro-sec then required pulse width will be.
Vin/(1-D)=Vout
220/(1-D)=660
D=2/3
Toff=Ton(1-D)
Ton=300 Micro sec
Good transformer oil contains how much amount of water in ppm?
8PPM
Lightning over voltage create how much volt?
Lightning over voltage depends upon the magnitude of lightning (KV)
K/s(s+1)(s+5) then find out the value of K so that system become stable
S3+6S2+5S+k----CE
Apply routh hurwitz criteria
S3 1 5
S2 6 K
S1 (30-k)/6
S0 K
(30-k)/6>0
30-K>0
k<30
If a square waveform is given to the supply side of a 2wdg transformer its
o/p waveform will be
Triangular Wave
SC test done on transformer
To find Out the Copper losses And Series Parameters
If a transformer is operating in .8 PF lag & at efficiency of .9
if now P is .8 lead the efficiency will become
0.9 Only Because Efficiency curve is Single valued cure
Dielectric strength of air is?
30 kv/cm peak or 21.1 kv/cm rms
The voltage of a generator and an infinite bus are given
0.92, 10 deg & 1.0, 0 deg respectively the generator acts as a
Synchronous generator
A wave will not experience any reflection when impedance of line is equal to
Surge impedance
400 ohms for over head lines
40 to 50 ohms for cables
Power transmitted is related to system voltage as
P=EV/Xs Sinδ
Surge wave is attended by
Resistor
In galvanometer damping is provided by
Mechanical and electromagnetic
Megger is used for
Measurement of Very high resistance like insulation resistance of the cable etc
Its working principle is based on moving coil
AC is applied against a moving coil meter it will read
Zero if frequency is high
Oscillate around zero if frequency is low
Rectifier type instrument measures what value
RMS
Advantage of electrostatic instrument is
More accurate
Loading effect is low
Fast response etc.
Creeping occurs because
Over compensation due to frictional forces
Over voltage across pressure coil
Why 2 holes are drilled oppositely in disc of energy meter
To eliminate the creeping
Energy meter is_____ type equipment
Integrating / recording
Inductance is measured by which bridge
Maxwell’s, Anderson, Hay’s, Owen’s bridge
Which type of motor is used in refrigerator?
Capacitor Start and run Single phase induction motor
Corona’s advantage
To increases the virtual diameter of conductor
To protect the conductor from Switching over voltages
Reflection coefficient of current in open ended line is
-1
Reflection coefficient of voltage in open ended line is
1
Reflection coefficient of current in short circuit line is
1
Reflection coefficient of voltage in short circuit line is
-1
Calculation of making current when MVA & KV was given.
Making current=2.5*breaking current
Breaking current=MVA/KV
he o/p voltage e1 & e2 of 2 full-bridge inverters added using o/p transformer. In order to eliminate 5th harmonic from o/p voltage, the phase angle between e1&e2 will be-
36◦
A single phase fully controlled line commutated ac-dc converter operates as an inverter when-
α > 90◦
Why rotor of SCIM is skewed?
To eliminate the slot harmonics in the rotor
Magnetostriction is occurs in
AC circuits’ only
Interlopes are connected for?
To eliminate the Armature reaction
Identify type by pu value Xd”=0.3, Xd’=0.3, X0=0.6?
Transmission line
What to do for converting sine wave to triangular wave?
Integrating
Wave shape of armature mmf?
Triangular wave
Emf in a conductor is directly proportional to?
E α ΦZNP
What’s the order of Jacobin matrix for 20 no. of bus bar?
=2n-2
N=no of buses
=38
How many watt meters required to measure 3phase 4 wire system?
3
Friday, November 13, 2009
Junior Engineer (CPWD) Examination
Junior Engineer (CPWD) Examination
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION :
The examination will be conducted in two parts :
A. Written Test (500 marks)
B. Interview (100 marks)
Written Test: It will consist of two papers:-
Paper Subject No. Of Questions Marks
I a) General Awareness 25 50
b) General Engineering 75 150
(Civil & Structural)
OR
General Engineering
(Electrical & Mechanical) 75 150
Total 100 200
II General Engineering(Civil & Structural) 300
OR
General Engineering(Electrical & Mechanical) 300
Note I: Paper I will be Objective type multiple choice.
Note II: Paper II will be of conventional type.
Note III: Paper I and II will be bi-lingual (i.e. in Hindi and English). Candidates will have option to answer Paper II either in Hindi or in English language.
Note IV: Paper II will be evaluated in respect of only those candidates who qualify in Paper I at the minimum standard which may be decided by the Commission at its discretion.
Note V: Only those candidates who attain minimum qualifying standard in Part-I of the
Examination, as may be fixed by the Commission in their discretion, will be eligible to be called for Personality Test/Interview.
B. Part II: Personality Test (Interview): 100 marks
The interview/personality test is structured in such a manner that the candidates’ interest, knowledge, various traits, aptitude, suitability etc. are probed among other things, through academic qualifications, experience, extra-curricular activities, general awareness/knowledge, depth of knowledge of the subjects studied (10+2 onwards), communicative skill and over-all personality etc.
Candidates called for interview/personality test, have the option to converse either in Hindi or English language during the interview process.
Syllabus:
The standard of the questions in Engineering subjects will be approximately on the level of Diploma in Engineering (Civil/ Electrical/ Mechanical) from a recognized Institute, Board or University and recognized by All India Board of Technical Education. All the questions will be set in SI units.
1. General Awareness:
Questions will be aimed at testing the candidate’s general awareness of the environment around him and its application to society. Questions will also be designed to test knowledge of current events and of such matters of everyday observations and experience in their scientific aspect as may be expected of any educated person. The test will also include questions relating to India and its neighboring countries especially pertaining to Sport, History, Culture, Geography, Economic Scene, General Polity, Indian Constitution and Scientific Research, etc. These questions will be such that they do not require a special study of any discipline.
2. General Engineering (Civil and Structural)
Civil Engineering:
Building Materials: Physical and Chemical properties, classification, standard tests, uses and manufacture/quarrying of materials e.g. building stones, silicate based materials, cement (Portland), Asbestos products, Timber and Wood based Products, laminates, bituminous materials, paints, varnishes.
Surveying: Principles of surveying, working of properties, compass and bearing, plane table surveying, theodolite traverse, adjustment of theodolite, levelling and contouring, curvature, refraction, permanent adjustment of dumpy level, methods of contouring and uses of a control map, tachometric survey.
Soil Mechanics: Origin of soil phase diagram, definitions of void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, water content, specific gravity of soil grains and unit weights, grain size distribution curves for different solid and their uses. Atterjerg’s limits, ISI soil classification, plasticity chart, coefficient of permeability, effective stress, consolidation of soils.
Calculation of shear strength of soils, direct shear test, vane shear test, triaxial test, soil compaction, Lab compaction, Lab compaction test, moisture content and bearing capacity of soils, plate load test, standard penetration test.
Hydraulics: Fluid properties, hydrostatics, measurements of flow, Bernoulli’s theorem and its application, flow through pipes, flow in open channels, weirs, flumes, spillways, pumps and turbines.
Environmental Engineering: Quality of water, source of water supply, purification of water, distribution of water, need of sanitation, sewerage system, circular sewers, oval sewer, sewer appurtenances, surface water drainage, sewage treatments.
Structural Engineering : Theory of structures: Elasticity constants, type of beams, determinate and indeterminate, bending moment and shear force diagrams of simply supported, cantilever and over hanging beams. Moment of area and moment of inertia for rect. & circular section, bending moment and shear stress for tee, channel and compound sections, chimneys, dams and retaining walls, eccentric loads, slope deflection of simply supported and cantilever beams, critical load and columns, torsion of circular section.
Concrete Technology : Properties, Advantages and uses of concrete, cement aggregates quality, water cement ratio, workability, mix design, storage, batching, mixing, placement, compaction, finishing and curing of concrete, quality control of concrete, hot weather and cold weather concreting, repair and maintenance of concrete structure.
RCC Design:
RCC beams: flexural strength, shear strength, bond strength, design of single reinforced beans, lintels, cantilever beams, double reinforced beams, one way slabs, two way slabs, isolated footings, reinforced brick work. T-beams, columns, staircases, retaining walls, water tanks (RCC design questions may be based on both Limit State method and Working Stress method).
Steel Design: Steel design and construction of steel columns, beams, roof trusses, plate girders.
3. General Engineering (Electrical and Mechanical)
* Electrical Engineering
Basic Electrical Engg.: Elect. Measurements, Concepts of current, voltage, resistance, power and energy, their units, Ohm’s law.
Circuit Law: Kirchooff’s law, solution of simple network problems, Network theorems and their applications, Electro-magnetism, concept of flux, e m f, reluctance, magnetic circuits.
Electro-magnetic induction, self and mutual inductance.
A.C. fundamentals, instantaneous, peak, R.M.S. and average values of alternating waves, Equation of sinusoidal wave form, simple series and parallel AC. circuits consisting of R.L. and C, Resonance.
Measurement and measuring instruments, Moving coil and moving iron ammeters and voltmeters, Extension of range, Wattmeters, Multimeters, megger, Basic Electronics.
Electrical machines: Basic principles ofD.C. motors, generators, their characteristics, Speed control and starting of D.C. motors, losses and efficiency of D.C. machines. 1-Phase and 3-phase Transformers: Principles of operation, equivalent circuit, voltage regulation, O.C. and S.C. tests, efficiency, auto transformers.
Synchronous machines, generation of 3-phase e m f, armature reaction, Voltage regulation, parallel operation of two alternators, synchronizing, starting and applications of synchronous motors.
3-Phase Induction motor, rotating magnetic field, principle of operation, equivalent circuit, torque-speed characteristics, starting and speed control of 3-phase induction motors, Fractional KW motors, 1-phase induction motors, A.C. series motor, reluctance motor.
General, Transmission and Distribution: Different types of power stations, Load factor, diversity factor, demand factor, simple problems thereon, cost of generation, inter- connection of power stations.
Power factor improvement, various types of tariffs, types of faults, short circuit current for symmetrical faults.
Switchgears- rating of circuit breakers: Principles of a extinction by oil and air, H.R.C. fuses, Protection, earth leakage, over current, Buchhotgz relay, Merz- Prince system of protection of generators & transformers, protection of feeders and bus bars.
Lightning arresters, Various transmission and distribution systems, Comparison of conductor materials, efficiency for different systems.
Utilization of Electrical Energy, Illumination, electric heating, Electric welding, electroplating, electric drives and motors.
* Mechanical Engineering
Flow of Fluids: Laminar & turbulent flow, equation of continuity, Bernoulli’s theorem, measurement of discharge, flow through pipes, friction losses, Forces of jet impinging on vanes, blades, work done and efficiency, classification of turbines & pumps.
Thermal Engineering:
Laws of thermodynamics, change in entropy in various processes; uses of steam, Properties of steam table & charts; Construction & Working of Cochran, Lancashire locomotive & Babcock & Wilcox boilers, working of steam turbine, Otto & Diesel Cycles, working of IC engines, Carburetion, Solex Carburettor. Diesel fuel, pump & injector: Cooling & lubrication.
Production Engineering: Foundry- Different casting processes, concept of Patterns; types of mould making, purring defect in castings, causes & remedies, Welding-classification and types of welding, Testing and defects in welds. Lathes- working of lathe, various tools, operation on lathes, types of lathes. Drilling operations performed on drilling machines. Description, principles of working and various operations on machine tools, milling machine, shaper, grinder, boring and slotting machines.
Strength of Materials: Stresses in composite bars, relation between elastic constants, Resilience under different types of loads, SF and BM diagrams; stresses in beams-combined direct and bending stresses, Struts and columns – Euler’s and Rankin’s theories, Torsion of circular shafts.
Theory of Machines: Simple Machines – Four bar chain, Slider crank chain, double slider crank chain, Flywheel – Turning moment diagrams. Fluctuation of energy, Friction-in collar and pivots, plate clutch, conical clutch, journal bearing. Transmission of power through flat and V-belts, Gears, profile of gears, Governors- Watt and Hartnell governors.
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION :
The examination will be conducted in two parts :
A. Written Test (500 marks)
B. Interview (100 marks)
Written Test: It will consist of two papers:-
Paper Subject No. Of Questions Marks
I a) General Awareness 25 50
b) General Engineering 75 150
(Civil & Structural)
OR
General Engineering
(Electrical & Mechanical) 75 150
Total 100 200
II General Engineering(Civil & Structural) 300
OR
General Engineering(Electrical & Mechanical) 300
Note I: Paper I will be Objective type multiple choice.
Note II: Paper II will be of conventional type.
Note III: Paper I and II will be bi-lingual (i.e. in Hindi and English). Candidates will have option to answer Paper II either in Hindi or in English language.
Note IV: Paper II will be evaluated in respect of only those candidates who qualify in Paper I at the minimum standard which may be decided by the Commission at its discretion.
Note V: Only those candidates who attain minimum qualifying standard in Part-I of the
Examination, as may be fixed by the Commission in their discretion, will be eligible to be called for Personality Test/Interview.
B. Part II: Personality Test (Interview): 100 marks
The interview/personality test is structured in such a manner that the candidates’ interest, knowledge, various traits, aptitude, suitability etc. are probed among other things, through academic qualifications, experience, extra-curricular activities, general awareness/knowledge, depth of knowledge of the subjects studied (10+2 onwards), communicative skill and over-all personality etc.
Candidates called for interview/personality test, have the option to converse either in Hindi or English language during the interview process.
Syllabus:
The standard of the questions in Engineering subjects will be approximately on the level of Diploma in Engineering (Civil/ Electrical/ Mechanical) from a recognized Institute, Board or University and recognized by All India Board of Technical Education. All the questions will be set in SI units.
1. General Awareness:
Questions will be aimed at testing the candidate’s general awareness of the environment around him and its application to society. Questions will also be designed to test knowledge of current events and of such matters of everyday observations and experience in their scientific aspect as may be expected of any educated person. The test will also include questions relating to India and its neighboring countries especially pertaining to Sport, History, Culture, Geography, Economic Scene, General Polity, Indian Constitution and Scientific Research, etc. These questions will be such that they do not require a special study of any discipline.
2. General Engineering (Civil and Structural)
Civil Engineering:
Building Materials: Physical and Chemical properties, classification, standard tests, uses and manufacture/quarrying of materials e.g. building stones, silicate based materials, cement (Portland), Asbestos products, Timber and Wood based Products, laminates, bituminous materials, paints, varnishes.
Surveying: Principles of surveying, working of properties, compass and bearing, plane table surveying, theodolite traverse, adjustment of theodolite, levelling and contouring, curvature, refraction, permanent adjustment of dumpy level, methods of contouring and uses of a control map, tachometric survey.
Soil Mechanics: Origin of soil phase diagram, definitions of void ratio, porosity, degree of saturation, water content, specific gravity of soil grains and unit weights, grain size distribution curves for different solid and their uses. Atterjerg’s limits, ISI soil classification, plasticity chart, coefficient of permeability, effective stress, consolidation of soils.
Calculation of shear strength of soils, direct shear test, vane shear test, triaxial test, soil compaction, Lab compaction, Lab compaction test, moisture content and bearing capacity of soils, plate load test, standard penetration test.
Hydraulics: Fluid properties, hydrostatics, measurements of flow, Bernoulli’s theorem and its application, flow through pipes, flow in open channels, weirs, flumes, spillways, pumps and turbines.
Environmental Engineering: Quality of water, source of water supply, purification of water, distribution of water, need of sanitation, sewerage system, circular sewers, oval sewer, sewer appurtenances, surface water drainage, sewage treatments.
Structural Engineering : Theory of structures: Elasticity constants, type of beams, determinate and indeterminate, bending moment and shear force diagrams of simply supported, cantilever and over hanging beams. Moment of area and moment of inertia for rect. & circular section, bending moment and shear stress for tee, channel and compound sections, chimneys, dams and retaining walls, eccentric loads, slope deflection of simply supported and cantilever beams, critical load and columns, torsion of circular section.
Concrete Technology : Properties, Advantages and uses of concrete, cement aggregates quality, water cement ratio, workability, mix design, storage, batching, mixing, placement, compaction, finishing and curing of concrete, quality control of concrete, hot weather and cold weather concreting, repair and maintenance of concrete structure.
RCC Design:
RCC beams: flexural strength, shear strength, bond strength, design of single reinforced beans, lintels, cantilever beams, double reinforced beams, one way slabs, two way slabs, isolated footings, reinforced brick work. T-beams, columns, staircases, retaining walls, water tanks (RCC design questions may be based on both Limit State method and Working Stress method).
Steel Design: Steel design and construction of steel columns, beams, roof trusses, plate girders.
3. General Engineering (Electrical and Mechanical)
* Electrical Engineering
Basic Electrical Engg.: Elect. Measurements, Concepts of current, voltage, resistance, power and energy, their units, Ohm’s law.
Circuit Law: Kirchooff’s law, solution of simple network problems, Network theorems and their applications, Electro-magnetism, concept of flux, e m f, reluctance, magnetic circuits.
Electro-magnetic induction, self and mutual inductance.
A.C. fundamentals, instantaneous, peak, R.M.S. and average values of alternating waves, Equation of sinusoidal wave form, simple series and parallel AC. circuits consisting of R.L. and C, Resonance.
Measurement and measuring instruments, Moving coil and moving iron ammeters and voltmeters, Extension of range, Wattmeters, Multimeters, megger, Basic Electronics.
Electrical machines: Basic principles ofD.C. motors, generators, their characteristics, Speed control and starting of D.C. motors, losses and efficiency of D.C. machines. 1-Phase and 3-phase Transformers: Principles of operation, equivalent circuit, voltage regulation, O.C. and S.C. tests, efficiency, auto transformers.
Synchronous machines, generation of 3-phase e m f, armature reaction, Voltage regulation, parallel operation of two alternators, synchronizing, starting and applications of synchronous motors.
3-Phase Induction motor, rotating magnetic field, principle of operation, equivalent circuit, torque-speed characteristics, starting and speed control of 3-phase induction motors, Fractional KW motors, 1-phase induction motors, A.C. series motor, reluctance motor.
General, Transmission and Distribution: Different types of power stations, Load factor, diversity factor, demand factor, simple problems thereon, cost of generation, inter- connection of power stations.
Power factor improvement, various types of tariffs, types of faults, short circuit current for symmetrical faults.
Switchgears- rating of circuit breakers: Principles of a extinction by oil and air, H.R.C. fuses, Protection, earth leakage, over current, Buchhotgz relay, Merz- Prince system of protection of generators & transformers, protection of feeders and bus bars.
Lightning arresters, Various transmission and distribution systems, Comparison of conductor materials, efficiency for different systems.
Utilization of Electrical Energy, Illumination, electric heating, Electric welding, electroplating, electric drives and motors.
* Mechanical Engineering
Flow of Fluids: Laminar & turbulent flow, equation of continuity, Bernoulli’s theorem, measurement of discharge, flow through pipes, friction losses, Forces of jet impinging on vanes, blades, work done and efficiency, classification of turbines & pumps.
Thermal Engineering:
Laws of thermodynamics, change in entropy in various processes; uses of steam, Properties of steam table & charts; Construction & Working of Cochran, Lancashire locomotive & Babcock & Wilcox boilers, working of steam turbine, Otto & Diesel Cycles, working of IC engines, Carburetion, Solex Carburettor. Diesel fuel, pump & injector: Cooling & lubrication.
Production Engineering: Foundry- Different casting processes, concept of Patterns; types of mould making, purring defect in castings, causes & remedies, Welding-classification and types of welding, Testing and defects in welds. Lathes- working of lathe, various tools, operation on lathes, types of lathes. Drilling operations performed on drilling machines. Description, principles of working and various operations on machine tools, milling machine, shaper, grinder, boring and slotting machines.
Strength of Materials: Stresses in composite bars, relation between elastic constants, Resilience under different types of loads, SF and BM diagrams; stresses in beams-combined direct and bending stresses, Struts and columns – Euler’s and Rankin’s theories, Torsion of circular shafts.
Theory of Machines: Simple Machines – Four bar chain, Slider crank chain, double slider crank chain, Flywheel – Turning moment diagrams. Fluctuation of energy, Friction-in collar and pivots, plate clutch, conical clutch, journal bearing. Transmission of power through flat and V-belts, Gears, profile of gears, Governors- Watt and Hartnell governors.
Thursday, November 12, 2009
SCHEME AND SYLLABUS FOR RECRUITMENT TO THE POST OF ASST. ELECTRICAL INSPECTORS IN CHIEF ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR TO GOVT. SERVICE
SCHEME AND SYLLABUS FOR RECRUITMENT TO THE POST OF ASST. ELECTRICAL
INSPECTORS IN CHIEF ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR TO GOVT. SERVICE
SCHEME
Degree Standard:
Part-A: Written (Objective type) Examination
Paper-1 General Studies
& Mental ability
150 Marks 150 Questions 150 Minutes
Paper-2 Subject (Electrical
Engineering)
300 Marks 150 Questions 150 Minutes
Part-B: Oral Test (Interview)
50 Marks
SYLLABUS
PAPER-1 GENERAL STUDIES & MENTAL ABILITY
1. General Science – Contemporary developments in Science and Technology and their
implications including matters of every day observation and experience, as may be expected of
a well-educated person who has not made a special study of any scientific discipline.
2. Current events of national and international importance.
3. History of India – emphasis will be on broad general understanding of the subject in its social,
economic, cultural and political aspects with a focus on AP Indian National Movement.
4. World Geography and Geography of India with a focus on AP.
5. Indian polity and Economy – including the country’s political system- rural development –
Planning and economic reforms in India.
6. Mental ability – reasoning and inferences
PAPER-2 (CONCERNED SUBJECT) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
I. ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS:
Basic electrical laws, Analysis of DC networks, transient response of RLC networks excited by
impulse, step, ramp and sinusoidal excitations. Transform methods, transfer functions, poles and zeros steady state AC networks, frequency domain analysis, resonance, coupled circuits, two port networks, three phase networks, power in a.c. networks, power measurement in 3-phase networks.
II. E.M. THEORY:
Electro static and electro magnetic fields, vector methods, Fields in dielectric, conducting and
magnetic materials, Laplace and Poisson’s equation. Time varying fields, Maxwell’s equation,
Poynting Theory, properties of transmission lines.
III. ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTS:
Electrical standards, Error analysis, Measurement of current, voltage, power, energy, power
factor, resistance, inductance capacitance frequency and loss angle. Indicating instruments, extension of range of instruments, DC and AC bridges. Electronic measuring instruments. Electronic multimeter, CRO, frequency counter, digital voltmeter, transducers, Thermocouples, Thermistor, LVDT, strain gauges, Piezo electric crystal, Measurement of non-electrical quantities like, pressure, velocity, temperature, flow rate, displacement acceleration and strain.
IV. CONTROL SYSTEMS
Open and closed loop control systems, Mathematical modelling, block diagram, signal flow
graphs, time response and frequency response of linerar systems, error constants and series
Rootlocus technique, Bodeplot, polar plot, M-circles, N-circles, Nichol’s charts, stability, Routh Hurwitz criteria. Nyquist stability criteria, compensators, design in frequency domain. Control system components. Servo motors, synchros, tacho generator, error detector. State variable approach, modelling, state transition matrix, transfer function, response.
V. ELECTRONICS:
Solid state devices and circuits. Small and large signal-amplifiers with and without feedback at
audio and radio frequency, multistage amplifiers. Operational amplifiers and applications. Integrated circuits oscillators, RC, LC and crystal oscillators wave form generators, multi-vibrators – Digital circuits, Logic gates, Boolean algebra combinational and sequential circuits. A to D and D to A converters Micro processors (8085) instruction set, memories, interfacing programmable peripheral devices – Number system flow charts – expressions and statements in C – language – simple programs for engineering application.
VI. D.C. ELECTRICAL MACHINES:
Fundamentals of electro mechanical energy conversion, constructional features of D.C.
Machines, emf equation types and characteristics of generators application, Torque in DC motor, types of DC motors, applications. Testing of D.C. motors, efficiency, and starting and speed control.
VII. TRANSFORMERS:
Construction – Principle of operation of 1-phase transformers – Vector diagram on No Load
and – Load – Parallel operation – Regulation – efficiency – Equivalent circuit 3 phase transformer connections – Scott connection.
VIII. INDUCTION MOTORS:
Production of rotating magnetic field, production of torque types of motors equivalent circuits,
Circle diagram, torque slip characteristics, starting and maximum torque, speed control, principle of single phase induction motors, Applications.
IX. SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES:
Generation of emf in 3 phase AC Generator, Armature reaction, regulation by Synchronous
inpedance and Ampere turn methods, parallel operation, transient and sub-transiat reactances, theory of salient pole machines.
Synchronous Motor: Torque production, performance characteristics, methods of starting, V-
Curves, synchronous condenser.
Special Machines: Stepper motor, Methods of operation, Amplidyne and metadyne-
applications.
X. ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION:
General layout – Types of power stations, economics of different types, base load and peak
load stations, load factor and its effects, pumped storage schemes.
XI. POWER TRANSMISSION:
Calculation of line parameters, concepts of short, medium and long transmission lines, ABCD
parameters, insulators, Corona, P.U. quantities, fault calculations, symmetrical components load flow analysis using Gauss Seidal, New-ton Raphson, methods, economic operation, stability, steady state and transient stability, equal area criterion, ALFC and AVR control for real time operation of interconnected systems.
XII. POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION:
Principles of arc quenching, circuit breaker classification, Recovery and restriking voltages,
relaying principles over current, directional over current relays-generator and transformer protection using differential relays-line protection using distance relays Surgeo phenomena in transmission lines – Travelling wave theory, protection against surges.
XIII. UTILISATION:
Industrial Drives – Motors for various drives – Braking methods – Speed control of motors –
Economics of rail traction – Mechanics of train movement – Estimation of power and energy
requirements – Illumination – Laws Factory lighting – Street lighting – Induction and dielectric heating.
INSPECTORS IN CHIEF ELECTRICAL INSPECTOR TO GOVT. SERVICE
SCHEME
Degree Standard:
Part-A: Written (Objective type) Examination
Paper-1 General Studies
& Mental ability
150 Marks 150 Questions 150 Minutes
Paper-2 Subject (Electrical
Engineering)
300 Marks 150 Questions 150 Minutes
Part-B: Oral Test (Interview)
50 Marks
SYLLABUS
PAPER-1 GENERAL STUDIES & MENTAL ABILITY
1. General Science – Contemporary developments in Science and Technology and their
implications including matters of every day observation and experience, as may be expected of
a well-educated person who has not made a special study of any scientific discipline.
2. Current events of national and international importance.
3. History of India – emphasis will be on broad general understanding of the subject in its social,
economic, cultural and political aspects with a focus on AP Indian National Movement.
4. World Geography and Geography of India with a focus on AP.
5. Indian polity and Economy – including the country’s political system- rural development –
Planning and economic reforms in India.
6. Mental ability – reasoning and inferences
PAPER-2 (CONCERNED SUBJECT) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
I. ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS:
Basic electrical laws, Analysis of DC networks, transient response of RLC networks excited by
impulse, step, ramp and sinusoidal excitations. Transform methods, transfer functions, poles and zeros steady state AC networks, frequency domain analysis, resonance, coupled circuits, two port networks, three phase networks, power in a.c. networks, power measurement in 3-phase networks.
II. E.M. THEORY:
Electro static and electro magnetic fields, vector methods, Fields in dielectric, conducting and
magnetic materials, Laplace and Poisson’s equation. Time varying fields, Maxwell’s equation,
Poynting Theory, properties of transmission lines.
III. ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTS:
Electrical standards, Error analysis, Measurement of current, voltage, power, energy, power
factor, resistance, inductance capacitance frequency and loss angle. Indicating instruments, extension of range of instruments, DC and AC bridges. Electronic measuring instruments. Electronic multimeter, CRO, frequency counter, digital voltmeter, transducers, Thermocouples, Thermistor, LVDT, strain gauges, Piezo electric crystal, Measurement of non-electrical quantities like, pressure, velocity, temperature, flow rate, displacement acceleration and strain.
IV. CONTROL SYSTEMS
Open and closed loop control systems, Mathematical modelling, block diagram, signal flow
graphs, time response and frequency response of linerar systems, error constants and series
Rootlocus technique, Bodeplot, polar plot, M-circles, N-circles, Nichol’s charts, stability, Routh Hurwitz criteria. Nyquist stability criteria, compensators, design in frequency domain. Control system components. Servo motors, synchros, tacho generator, error detector. State variable approach, modelling, state transition matrix, transfer function, response.
V. ELECTRONICS:
Solid state devices and circuits. Small and large signal-amplifiers with and without feedback at
audio and radio frequency, multistage amplifiers. Operational amplifiers and applications. Integrated circuits oscillators, RC, LC and crystal oscillators wave form generators, multi-vibrators – Digital circuits, Logic gates, Boolean algebra combinational and sequential circuits. A to D and D to A converters Micro processors (8085) instruction set, memories, interfacing programmable peripheral devices – Number system flow charts – expressions and statements in C – language – simple programs for engineering application.
VI. D.C. ELECTRICAL MACHINES:
Fundamentals of electro mechanical energy conversion, constructional features of D.C.
Machines, emf equation types and characteristics of generators application, Torque in DC motor, types of DC motors, applications. Testing of D.C. motors, efficiency, and starting and speed control.
VII. TRANSFORMERS:
Construction – Principle of operation of 1-phase transformers – Vector diagram on No Load
and – Load – Parallel operation – Regulation – efficiency – Equivalent circuit 3 phase transformer connections – Scott connection.
VIII. INDUCTION MOTORS:
Production of rotating magnetic field, production of torque types of motors equivalent circuits,
Circle diagram, torque slip characteristics, starting and maximum torque, speed control, principle of single phase induction motors, Applications.
IX. SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES:
Generation of emf in 3 phase AC Generator, Armature reaction, regulation by Synchronous
inpedance and Ampere turn methods, parallel operation, transient and sub-transiat reactances, theory of salient pole machines.
Synchronous Motor: Torque production, performance characteristics, methods of starting, V-
Curves, synchronous condenser.
Special Machines: Stepper motor, Methods of operation, Amplidyne and metadyne-
applications.
X. ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION:
General layout – Types of power stations, economics of different types, base load and peak
load stations, load factor and its effects, pumped storage schemes.
XI. POWER TRANSMISSION:
Calculation of line parameters, concepts of short, medium and long transmission lines, ABCD
parameters, insulators, Corona, P.U. quantities, fault calculations, symmetrical components load flow analysis using Gauss Seidal, New-ton Raphson, methods, economic operation, stability, steady state and transient stability, equal area criterion, ALFC and AVR control for real time operation of interconnected systems.
XII. POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION:
Principles of arc quenching, circuit breaker classification, Recovery and restriking voltages,
relaying principles over current, directional over current relays-generator and transformer protection using differential relays-line protection using distance relays Surgeo phenomena in transmission lines – Travelling wave theory, protection against surges.
XIII. UTILISATION:
Industrial Drives – Motors for various drives – Braking methods – Speed control of motors –
Economics of rail traction – Mechanics of train movement – Estimation of power and energy
requirements – Illumination – Laws Factory lighting – Street lighting – Induction and dielectric heating.
SCHEME AND SYLLABUS FOR THE POST OF LECTURERS IN GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNICS (ENGINEERING) IN A.P. TECHNICAL EDUCATION SERVICE
SCHEME AND SYLLABUS FOR THE POST OF LECTURERS IN GOVERNMENT
POLYTECHNICS (ENGINEERING) IN A.P. TECHNICAL EDUCATION SERVICE
Post Code Nos. 15 to 17
PART-A: Written (Objective Type) Examination:
Paper-1 General Studies 150 Marks. 150 Qns. 150 Minutes
Paper-2 Concerned Subject 300 Marks. 150 Qns. 150 Minutes
PART-B: ORAL TEST (Interview) 50 Marks
N.B: 1. The paper in concerned subject for Engineering streams is of Engineering Bachelor’s degree
standard.
2. The Question papers will be in English only.
SYLLABUS
GENERAL STUDIES
01. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY:
a) General Science and Technology.
b) Role and impact of science and Technology on India’s development.
(Questions will cover general appreciation and understanding of matters of everyday observation and
experience as may be expected of a well-educated person who has not made a special study of science and
technology disciplines).
02. INDIAN HISTORY AND CULTURE:
a) Modern Indian History from 19th century to the present.
b) Nationalist Movement and Constitutional development.
c) Indian Culture and Heritage including architecture, Fine Arts, Dance Forms, Music, Paintings, Folk
Arts and performing arts.
d) History of Andhradesa Society, Culture, Geography and Economic Development.
03. INDIAN POLITY:
General and broad understanding of the structural (institutions) and functional (processes) aspects of Indian
Political System.
04. IDNIAN ECONOMY AND GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA:
a) Structure of National Economy.
b) Economic Development (including planning) since independence.
c) Economic Reforms.
d) Physical, Economic and Social Geography of India.
05. CURRENT EVENTS:
Current Events of Regional, National and International importance.
06. General Mental Ability (reasoning and analytical abilities)
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
01. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS, FIELDS & MEASUREMENTS:
Network elements – Ohm’s law and Kirchoff’s laws – formation of mesh and nodal equations – topological
description of networks – response of R, L and C elements to arbitrary excitations – Laplace transform
method of analysing networks.
Network theorems – superposition, Thevenin’s Norton’s theorems – Maximum power transfer thereciprocity
theorem – applications – two port parameters – Z, Y, ABCD, H para meters – their relationships.
A.C. Circuits – single phase circuits – J-notation – calculations – resonance – Polyphase – circuits –
measurements of polyphase power.
Electromagnetic theory – general relations in static fields – potential gradient and field intensity – flux density
– Gauss’s law – Poisson and Laplace equations – relations in electromagnetic fields – ampere’s law – flux
and flux density – divergence and curl – vector magnetic potential.
Electrical measurements – Types of measuring instruments – Principles of operation – extension of ranges –
instrument transformers.
02. CONTROL SYSTEMS, COMPUTATION AND ELECTRONICS
Control systems – Types of servo mechanisms – equations and models of linear systems – block diagrams
– time response of second order systems – stability criteria – root locus technique – frequency response –
Nyquist criterion – Bode plots.
Elements of computation: Digital systems – flow charts and algorithms – FORTRAN – types of statements –
logical expressions – Assignment statements – program structure – Scientific and Engineering applications.
Electronics: Solid-state devices and circuits – small signal amplifier design – feedback amplifiers –
Oscillators – FETS – Thyristors.
03. ELECTRICAL MACHINES:
Principles of Electromechanical Energy Conversion: Basic ideas of production of torque – concepts of
generation of voltages – formulae for voltage and torque production.
Three phase induction motors: The revolving field theory – Principles of operation of induction motor –
torque equation – Computation of performance – torque speed characteristics – motor starters –
conventional and thyristor controllers for speed control of induction motors.
Single phase motors: Revolving field theory – types of single-phase motors – equivalent circuits – speed
control – applications.
Synchronous machines: Generation of 3-phase voltages – types of synchronous machines – equivalent
circuit – experimental determination of reactances – voltage regulation and efficiency – parallel operation –
transient and subtransient reactances – synchronous motors – theory of operation - -phase of diagram –
equivalent circuit – performance and power factor control – applications.
Special machines: Two phase servomotors – stepper motors – methods of operation – metadyne and
amplidyne – operating characteristics and applications.
D.C. Machines and Transformers.
04. POWER SYSTEMS:
Generation: Methods of power generation – steam, hydro, nuclear, diesel – selection of site for each –
general layout of each type – function of each component – economics of different types – base and peak
load stations – pumped stations – simple calculations in hydro station design.
Transmission: A.C. Vs. D.C. transmission – criteria for selection of voltages – transmission line parameters –
G.M.D. and G.M.R – concepts for short, medium and long lines – line calculations – A.B.C and D constance
– load flow analysis – surge impedance loading.
Corona and insulators: production of corona – disruptive and visual corona – corona loss – methods to avoid
corona – types of insulators – string efficiency.
Fault analysis: Per unit representation: fault analysis – Symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults – application
of symmetrical components – reactors.
Protection: Switch gear – methods of arc extinction – classification of circuit breakers – definitions –
calculations in switch gear – testing of circuit breakers – Relaying principles – primary and back up relaying
– definitions – operation of different types of relays – applications to line, transformer and generator
protection – protection of lines and equipment against voltage surges – travelling wave theory.
Utilisation: Industrial drives – motors for various applications – braking – methods of heating and welding –
welding transformer – Economics and other aspects of track electrification.
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
01. Network analysis, Topology, Tree Tieset out set, first and Second order Circuits.
Steady State and Transient response, Sinusoidal steady State Analysis.
Series and parallel Resonance, Network Theorems, Laplace Transforms, Fourier series, Fourier Transforms
– Applications, Two port.
Network Parameters, Interconnection of two ports, Image Impedance, Image Parameters.
Filters – constant K and M derived sections. Electronics Devices – Diodes, Transistors, FET biasing, and
characteristics, Frequency, Response, Amplifier circuits.
Electro Magnetic Theory – Maxell’s Equations. Coulomb’s law, Amper’s law , Faraday’s law, Poynting
Energy Theorem, Stoke’s theorem, uniform plane waves.
Transmission Line Theory – Standing waves & Travelling waves, Reflection, VSWR.
02. Feedback Amplifiers and oscillator Circuits Wave Shaping circuits, Logic Gates, Boolean Theorems,
Adders & Subtractors. Antennas & Propagation – Radiation Principle, Antenna parameters.
Definitions.
Directional Antennas, Linear Antenna Arrays, Broadside & End fire Arrays, Gain, Directivity, Radiation
pattern.
Ground Wave, Sky Wave, Ionosphere Propagation, Guided Waves, Rectangular Wave-Guide Analysis,
Microwave Circuits and Components.
Microwave Tubes, Klystron, Magnetron, and TWT.
Modulation Techniques – AM, FM, PM. Channel capacity, Noise, AM, FM, Transmitters, Radio Receivers.
TV and Satellite Communication – Principles Radar Equation and Applications of Radar Computer
Programming, FORTRAN, BASIC, PASCAL, Are Programming languages.
POLYTECHNICS (ENGINEERING) IN A.P. TECHNICAL EDUCATION SERVICE
Post Code Nos. 15 to 17
PART-A: Written (Objective Type) Examination:
Paper-1 General Studies 150 Marks. 150 Qns. 150 Minutes
Paper-2 Concerned Subject 300 Marks. 150 Qns. 150 Minutes
PART-B: ORAL TEST (Interview) 50 Marks
N.B: 1. The paper in concerned subject for Engineering streams is of Engineering Bachelor’s degree
standard.
2. The Question papers will be in English only.
SYLLABUS
GENERAL STUDIES
01. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY:
a) General Science and Technology.
b) Role and impact of science and Technology on India’s development.
(Questions will cover general appreciation and understanding of matters of everyday observation and
experience as may be expected of a well-educated person who has not made a special study of science and
technology disciplines).
02. INDIAN HISTORY AND CULTURE:
a) Modern Indian History from 19th century to the present.
b) Nationalist Movement and Constitutional development.
c) Indian Culture and Heritage including architecture, Fine Arts, Dance Forms, Music, Paintings, Folk
Arts and performing arts.
d) History of Andhradesa Society, Culture, Geography and Economic Development.
03. INDIAN POLITY:
General and broad understanding of the structural (institutions) and functional (processes) aspects of Indian
Political System.
04. IDNIAN ECONOMY AND GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA:
a) Structure of National Economy.
b) Economic Development (including planning) since independence.
c) Economic Reforms.
d) Physical, Economic and Social Geography of India.
05. CURRENT EVENTS:
Current Events of Regional, National and International importance.
06. General Mental Ability (reasoning and analytical abilities)
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
01. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS, FIELDS & MEASUREMENTS:
Network elements – Ohm’s law and Kirchoff’s laws – formation of mesh and nodal equations – topological
description of networks – response of R, L and C elements to arbitrary excitations – Laplace transform
method of analysing networks.
Network theorems – superposition, Thevenin’s Norton’s theorems – Maximum power transfer thereciprocity
theorem – applications – two port parameters – Z, Y, ABCD, H para meters – their relationships.
A.C. Circuits – single phase circuits – J-notation – calculations – resonance – Polyphase – circuits –
measurements of polyphase power.
Electromagnetic theory – general relations in static fields – potential gradient and field intensity – flux density
– Gauss’s law – Poisson and Laplace equations – relations in electromagnetic fields – ampere’s law – flux
and flux density – divergence and curl – vector magnetic potential.
Electrical measurements – Types of measuring instruments – Principles of operation – extension of ranges –
instrument transformers.
02. CONTROL SYSTEMS, COMPUTATION AND ELECTRONICS
Control systems – Types of servo mechanisms – equations and models of linear systems – block diagrams
– time response of second order systems – stability criteria – root locus technique – frequency response –
Nyquist criterion – Bode plots.
Elements of computation: Digital systems – flow charts and algorithms – FORTRAN – types of statements –
logical expressions – Assignment statements – program structure – Scientific and Engineering applications.
Electronics: Solid-state devices and circuits – small signal amplifier design – feedback amplifiers –
Oscillators – FETS – Thyristors.
03. ELECTRICAL MACHINES:
Principles of Electromechanical Energy Conversion: Basic ideas of production of torque – concepts of
generation of voltages – formulae for voltage and torque production.
Three phase induction motors: The revolving field theory – Principles of operation of induction motor –
torque equation – Computation of performance – torque speed characteristics – motor starters –
conventional and thyristor controllers for speed control of induction motors.
Single phase motors: Revolving field theory – types of single-phase motors – equivalent circuits – speed
control – applications.
Synchronous machines: Generation of 3-phase voltages – types of synchronous machines – equivalent
circuit – experimental determination of reactances – voltage regulation and efficiency – parallel operation –
transient and subtransient reactances – synchronous motors – theory of operation - -phase of diagram –
equivalent circuit – performance and power factor control – applications.
Special machines: Two phase servomotors – stepper motors – methods of operation – metadyne and
amplidyne – operating characteristics and applications.
D.C. Machines and Transformers.
04. POWER SYSTEMS:
Generation: Methods of power generation – steam, hydro, nuclear, diesel – selection of site for each –
general layout of each type – function of each component – economics of different types – base and peak
load stations – pumped stations – simple calculations in hydro station design.
Transmission: A.C. Vs. D.C. transmission – criteria for selection of voltages – transmission line parameters –
G.M.D. and G.M.R – concepts for short, medium and long lines – line calculations – A.B.C and D constance
– load flow analysis – surge impedance loading.
Corona and insulators: production of corona – disruptive and visual corona – corona loss – methods to avoid
corona – types of insulators – string efficiency.
Fault analysis: Per unit representation: fault analysis – Symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults – application
of symmetrical components – reactors.
Protection: Switch gear – methods of arc extinction – classification of circuit breakers – definitions –
calculations in switch gear – testing of circuit breakers – Relaying principles – primary and back up relaying
– definitions – operation of different types of relays – applications to line, transformer and generator
protection – protection of lines and equipment against voltage surges – travelling wave theory.
Utilisation: Industrial drives – motors for various applications – braking – methods of heating and welding –
welding transformer – Economics and other aspects of track electrification.
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
01. Network analysis, Topology, Tree Tieset out set, first and Second order Circuits.
Steady State and Transient response, Sinusoidal steady State Analysis.
Series and parallel Resonance, Network Theorems, Laplace Transforms, Fourier series, Fourier Transforms
– Applications, Two port.
Network Parameters, Interconnection of two ports, Image Impedance, Image Parameters.
Filters – constant K and M derived sections. Electronics Devices – Diodes, Transistors, FET biasing, and
characteristics, Frequency, Response, Amplifier circuits.
Electro Magnetic Theory – Maxell’s Equations. Coulomb’s law, Amper’s law , Faraday’s law, Poynting
Energy Theorem, Stoke’s theorem, uniform plane waves.
Transmission Line Theory – Standing waves & Travelling waves, Reflection, VSWR.
02. Feedback Amplifiers and oscillator Circuits Wave Shaping circuits, Logic Gates, Boolean Theorems,
Adders & Subtractors. Antennas & Propagation – Radiation Principle, Antenna parameters.
Definitions.
Directional Antennas, Linear Antenna Arrays, Broadside & End fire Arrays, Gain, Directivity, Radiation
pattern.
Ground Wave, Sky Wave, Ionosphere Propagation, Guided Waves, Rectangular Wave-Guide Analysis,
Microwave Circuits and Components.
Microwave Tubes, Klystron, Magnetron, and TWT.
Modulation Techniques – AM, FM, PM. Channel capacity, Noise, AM, FM, Transmitters, Radio Receivers.
TV and Satellite Communication – Principles Radar Equation and Applications of Radar Computer
Programming, FORTRAN, BASIC, PASCAL, Are Programming languages.
SCHEME AND SYLLABUS FOR THE POST OF ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE ENGINEERS IN ROADS & BUILDINGS SERVICE
SCHEME AND SYLLABUS FOR THE POST OF ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE ENGINEERS IN
ROADS & BUILDINGS SERVICE
SCHEME
PART-A WRITTEN (OBJECTIVE TYPE) EXAMINATION
PAPER-1 General Studies & Mental Ability 150 Marks 150 Qns 150 Minutes
PAPER-2 Concerned Subject:Electrical Engineering
300 Marks 150 Qns 150 Minutes
PART-B: INTERVIEW 50 Marks
SYLLABUS
GENERAL STUDIES & MENTAL ABILITY
1. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY:
a) General Science and Technology
b) Role and impact of science and Technology on India’s development.
(Questions will cover general appreciation and understanding of matters of everyday
observation and experience as may be expected of a well-educated person who has not
made a special study of science and technology disciplines).
2. INDIAN HISTORY AND CULTURE:
a) Modern Indian History from 19th century to the present
b) Nationalist Movement and Constitutional development
c) Indian culture and Heritage including architecture, Fine Arts, dance forms,
music, paintings, Folk arts and performing arts.
d) History of Andhradesa Society, Culture, Geography and Economic development.
3. INDIAN POLITY:
General and broad understanding of the structural (institutions) and functional (processes)
aspects of Indian Political system.
4. INDIAN ECONOMY AND GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA:
(a) Structure of National economy
(b) Economic development (including planning) since independence
(c) Economic Reforms
(d) Physical, economic and social Geography of India.
5. CURRENT EVENTS:
Current Events of Regional, National and International importance.
6. GENERAL MENTAL ABILITY: (Reasoning and analytical abilities)
CONCERNED SUBJECT (ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING)
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS:
Basic electrical laws, Analysis of DC networks, transient response of RLC networks excited
by impulse, step, ramp and sinusoidal excitations. Transform methods, transfer functions, poles and zeros steady state AC networks, frequency domain analysis, resonance, coupled circuits, two port networks, three phase networks, power in a.c. networks, power measurement in 3-phase networks.
E.M. THEORY:
Electro static and electro magnetic fields, vector methods, Fields in dielectric, conducting and
magnetic materials, Laplace and Poisson’s equation. Time varying fields, Maxwell’s equation,
Poynting Theory, properties of transmission lines.
ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTS:
Electrical standards, Error analysis, Measurement of current, voltage, power, energy, power
factor, resistance, inductance capacitance frequency and loss angle. Indicating instruments,
extension of range of instruments, DC and AC bridges. Electronic measuring instruments. Electronic multimeter, CRO, frequency counter, digital voltmeter, transducers, Thermocouples, Thermistor, LVDT, strain gauges, Piezo electric crystal, Measurement of non-electrical quantities like, pressure, velocity, temperature, flow rate, displacement acceleration and strain.
CONTROL SYSTEMS
Open and closed loop control systems, Mathematical modeling, block diagram, signal flow
graphs, time response and frequency response of linerar systems, error constants and series
Rootlocus technique, Bodeplot, polar plot, M-circles, N-circles, Nichol’s charts, stability, Routh
Hurwitz criteria. Nyquist stability criteria, compensators, design in frequency domain. Control system components. Servo motors, synchros, tacho generator, error detector. State variable approach, modeling, state transition matrix, transfer function, response.
ELECTRONICS:
Solid state devices and circuits. Small and large signal-amplifiers with and without feedback
at audio and radio frequency, multistage amplifiers. Operational amplifiers and applications.
Integrated circuits oscillators, RC, LC and crystal oscillators wave form generators, multi-vibrators – Digital circuits, Logic gates, Boolean algebra combinational and sequential circuits. A to D and D to A converters Micro processors (8085) instruction set, memories, interfacing programmable peripheral devices – Number system flow charts – expressions and statements in C – language – simple programs for engineering application.
D.C. ELECTRICAL MACHINES:
Fundamentals of electro mechanical energy conversion, constructional features of D.C.
Machines, emf equation types and characteristics of generators application, Torque in DC motor,
types of DC motors, applications. Testing of D.C. motors, efficiency, and starting and speed control.
TRANSFORMERS:
Construction – Principle of operation of 1-phase transformers – Vector diagram on No Load
and – Load – Parallel operation – Regulation – efficiency – Equivalent circuit 3 phase transformer connections – Scott connection.
INDUCTION MOTORS:
Production of rotating magnetic field, production of torque types of motors equivalent circuits,
Circle diagram, torque slip characteristics, starting and maximum torque, speed control, principle of single phase induction motors, Applications.
SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES:
Generation of emf in 3 phase AC Generator, Armature reaction, regulation by Synchronous
inpedance and Ampere turn methods, parallel operation, transient and sub-transiat reactances,
theory of salient pole machines.
Synchronous Motor: Torque production, performance characteristics, methods of starting, V-
Curves, synchronous condenser.
Special Machines: Stepper motor, Methods of operation, Amplidyne and metadyne-
applications. 5
ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION:
General layout – Types of power stations, economics of different types, base load and peak
load stations, load factor and its effects, pumped storage schemes.
POWER TRANSMISSION:
Calculation of line parameters, concepts of short, medium and long transmission lines, ABCD
parameters, insulators, Corona, P.U. quantities, fault calculations, symmetrical components load flow analysis using Gauss Seidal, New-ton Raphson, methods, economic operation, stability, steady state and transient stability, equal area criterion, ALFC and AVR control for real time operation of interconnected systems.
POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION:
Principles of arc quenching, circuit breaker classification, Recovery and restriking voltages,
relaying principles over current, directional over current relays-generator and transformer protection using differential relays-line protection using distance relays Surgeo phenomena in transmission lines – Travelling wave theory, protection against surges.
UTILISATION :
Industrial Drives – Motors for various drives – Braking methods – Speed control of motors –
Economics of rail traction – Mechanics of train movement – Estimation of power and energy
requirements – Illumination – Laws Factory lighting – Street lighting – Induction and dielectric
heating.
ROADS & BUILDINGS SERVICE
SCHEME
PART-A WRITTEN (OBJECTIVE TYPE) EXAMINATION
PAPER-1 General Studies & Mental Ability 150 Marks 150 Qns 150 Minutes
PAPER-2 Concerned Subject:Electrical Engineering
300 Marks 150 Qns 150 Minutes
PART-B: INTERVIEW 50 Marks
SYLLABUS
GENERAL STUDIES & MENTAL ABILITY
1. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY:
a) General Science and Technology
b) Role and impact of science and Technology on India’s development.
(Questions will cover general appreciation and understanding of matters of everyday
observation and experience as may be expected of a well-educated person who has not
made a special study of science and technology disciplines).
2. INDIAN HISTORY AND CULTURE:
a) Modern Indian History from 19th century to the present
b) Nationalist Movement and Constitutional development
c) Indian culture and Heritage including architecture, Fine Arts, dance forms,
music, paintings, Folk arts and performing arts.
d) History of Andhradesa Society, Culture, Geography and Economic development.
3. INDIAN POLITY:
General and broad understanding of the structural (institutions) and functional (processes)
aspects of Indian Political system.
4. INDIAN ECONOMY AND GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA:
(a) Structure of National economy
(b) Economic development (including planning) since independence
(c) Economic Reforms
(d) Physical, economic and social Geography of India.
5. CURRENT EVENTS:
Current Events of Regional, National and International importance.
6. GENERAL MENTAL ABILITY: (Reasoning and analytical abilities)
CONCERNED SUBJECT (ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING)
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS:
Basic electrical laws, Analysis of DC networks, transient response of RLC networks excited
by impulse, step, ramp and sinusoidal excitations. Transform methods, transfer functions, poles and zeros steady state AC networks, frequency domain analysis, resonance, coupled circuits, two port networks, three phase networks, power in a.c. networks, power measurement in 3-phase networks.
E.M. THEORY:
Electro static and electro magnetic fields, vector methods, Fields in dielectric, conducting and
magnetic materials, Laplace and Poisson’s equation. Time varying fields, Maxwell’s equation,
Poynting Theory, properties of transmission lines.
ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTS:
Electrical standards, Error analysis, Measurement of current, voltage, power, energy, power
factor, resistance, inductance capacitance frequency and loss angle. Indicating instruments,
extension of range of instruments, DC and AC bridges. Electronic measuring instruments. Electronic multimeter, CRO, frequency counter, digital voltmeter, transducers, Thermocouples, Thermistor, LVDT, strain gauges, Piezo electric crystal, Measurement of non-electrical quantities like, pressure, velocity, temperature, flow rate, displacement acceleration and strain.
CONTROL SYSTEMS
Open and closed loop control systems, Mathematical modeling, block diagram, signal flow
graphs, time response and frequency response of linerar systems, error constants and series
Rootlocus technique, Bodeplot, polar plot, M-circles, N-circles, Nichol’s charts, stability, Routh
Hurwitz criteria. Nyquist stability criteria, compensators, design in frequency domain. Control system components. Servo motors, synchros, tacho generator, error detector. State variable approach, modeling, state transition matrix, transfer function, response.
ELECTRONICS:
Solid state devices and circuits. Small and large signal-amplifiers with and without feedback
at audio and radio frequency, multistage amplifiers. Operational amplifiers and applications.
Integrated circuits oscillators, RC, LC and crystal oscillators wave form generators, multi-vibrators – Digital circuits, Logic gates, Boolean algebra combinational and sequential circuits. A to D and D to A converters Micro processors (8085) instruction set, memories, interfacing programmable peripheral devices – Number system flow charts – expressions and statements in C – language – simple programs for engineering application.
D.C. ELECTRICAL MACHINES:
Fundamentals of electro mechanical energy conversion, constructional features of D.C.
Machines, emf equation types and characteristics of generators application, Torque in DC motor,
types of DC motors, applications. Testing of D.C. motors, efficiency, and starting and speed control.
TRANSFORMERS:
Construction – Principle of operation of 1-phase transformers – Vector diagram on No Load
and – Load – Parallel operation – Regulation – efficiency – Equivalent circuit 3 phase transformer connections – Scott connection.
INDUCTION MOTORS:
Production of rotating magnetic field, production of torque types of motors equivalent circuits,
Circle diagram, torque slip characteristics, starting and maximum torque, speed control, principle of single phase induction motors, Applications.
SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES:
Generation of emf in 3 phase AC Generator, Armature reaction, regulation by Synchronous
inpedance and Ampere turn methods, parallel operation, transient and sub-transiat reactances,
theory of salient pole machines.
Synchronous Motor: Torque production, performance characteristics, methods of starting, V-
Curves, synchronous condenser.
Special Machines: Stepper motor, Methods of operation, Amplidyne and metadyne-
applications. 5
ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION:
General layout – Types of power stations, economics of different types, base load and peak
load stations, load factor and its effects, pumped storage schemes.
POWER TRANSMISSION:
Calculation of line parameters, concepts of short, medium and long transmission lines, ABCD
parameters, insulators, Corona, P.U. quantities, fault calculations, symmetrical components load flow analysis using Gauss Seidal, New-ton Raphson, methods, economic operation, stability, steady state and transient stability, equal area criterion, ALFC and AVR control for real time operation of interconnected systems.
POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION:
Principles of arc quenching, circuit breaker classification, Recovery and restriking voltages,
relaying principles over current, directional over current relays-generator and transformer protection using differential relays-line protection using distance relays Surgeo phenomena in transmission lines – Travelling wave theory, protection against surges.
UTILISATION :
Industrial Drives – Motors for various drives – Braking methods – Speed control of motors –
Economics of rail traction – Mechanics of train movement – Estimation of power and energy
requirements – Illumination – Laws Factory lighting – Street lighting – Induction and dielectric
heating.
Tuesday, November 3, 2009
Junior Telecom Officers(Electrical)
Scheme and Syllabus for the Recruitment of Junior Telecom Officers(Electrical)
Examination - 2008
Examination - 2008
SCHEME
For direct recruitment of JTOs(Electrical), an objective type examination of one paper
of three hours duration consisting of following sections will be conducted :-
Section-I : Electrical Engineering : 50 questions
Section-II : Electrical Engineering : 50 questions
Section-III : General Awareness : 20 questions
The questions will be so designed as to assess the ability of the candidates to apply their
technical knowledge to the solution of the problems.
The syllabus for JTOs(Electrical) Paper will as given below.
SYLLABUS
SECTION-I - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
1. EM Theory
Electric and magnetic fields. Gauss's Law and Amperes Law. Fields in dielectrics,
conductors and magnetic materials. Maxwell's equations. Time varying fields. Plane-
Wave propagating in dielectric and conducting media. Transmission lines.
2. Electrical Materials
Band Theory, Conductors, Semi-conductors. and Insulators. Superconductivity.
Insulators for electrical and electronic applications. Magnetic materials. Ferro and ferri
magnetism. Ceramics, Properties and applications. Hall effect alJd its applications.
Special semi conductors.
Page 25 of 283. Electrical Circuits
Circuits elements. Kirchoff's Laws. Mesh and nodal analysis. Network Theorems and
applications. Natural response and forced response. Transient response and steady
state response for arbitrary inputs. Properties of networks in terms of poles and zeros.
Transfer function. Resonant circuits. Three phase circuits. Two-port networks.
Elements of two-element network synthesis.
4. Measurements and Instrumentation
Units and Standards. Error analysis, measurement of current, Voltage, power, Power-
factor and energy. Indicating instruments. Measurement of resistance, inductance,
Capacitance and frequency. Bridge measurements. Electronic measuring instruments.
Digital Voltmeter and frequency counter. Transducers and their applications to the
measurement of non-electrical quantities like temperature, pressure, flow-rate
displacement, acceleration, noise level etc. Data acquisition systems. AID and D/A
converters.
5. Control System
Mathematical modelling of physical systems. Block diagrams and signal flow graphs
and their reduction. Time domain and frequency domain analysis of linear dynamical
system. Errors for different type of inputs and stability criteria for feedback systems.
Stability analysis using Routh-Hurwitz array, Nyquist plot and Bode plot. Root locus
and Nicols chart and the estimation of gain and phase margin. Basic concepts of
compensator design. State variable matrix and its use in system modelling and
design. Sampled data system and performance of such a system with the samples in
the error channel. Stability of sampled data system. Elements of non-linear control
analysis. Control system components, electromechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic
components.
SECTION-II - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
1. Electrical Machines and Power Transformers
Magnetic Circuits - Analysis and Design of Power transformers. Construction and
testing. Equivalent circuits. Losses and efficiency. Regulation. Auto-transformer, 3-
phase transformer. Parallel operation.
Basic concepts in rotating machines. EMF, torque, basic machine types. Construction
and operation, leakage losses and efficiency.
Page 26 of 28D.C. Machines. Construction, Excitation methods. Circuit models. Armature reaction
and commutation. Characteristics and performance analysis. Generators and motors.
Starting and speed control. Testing, Losses and efficiency.
Synchronous Machines. Construction. Circuit model. Operating characteristics and
performance analysis. Synchronous reactance. Efficiency. Voltage regulation. Salient-
pole machine, Parallel operation. . tiunting. Short circuit transients.
Induction Machines. Construction. Principle of operation. Rotating fields.
Characteristics and performance analysis. Determination of circuit model. Circle
diagram. Starting and speed control.
Fractional KW motors. Single-phase synchronous and induction motors.
2. Power systems
Types of Power Stations, Hydro, Thermal and Nuclear Stations. Pumped storage
plants. Economics and operating factors.
Power transmission lines. Modeling and performance characteristics. Voltage control.
Load flow studies. Optimal power system operation. Load frequency control.
Symmetrical short circuit analysis. ZBus formulation. Symmetrical Components. Per
Unit representation. Fault analysis. Transient and steady-state stability of power
systems. Equal area criterion.
Power system Transients. Power system Protection Circuit breakers. Relays. HVDC
transmission.
3. Analog and Digital Electronics and Circuits
Semiconductor device physics, PN junctions and transistors, circuit models and
parameters, FET, Zener, tunnel, Schottky, photo diodes and their applications,
rectifier circuits, voltage regulators and multipliers, switching behavior of diodes and
transistors.
Small signal amplifiers, biasing circuits, frequency response and improvement,
multistage amplifiers and feed-back amplifiers, D.C.
amplifiers, Oscillators. Large signal amplifiers, coupling methods, push pull amplifiers,
operational amplifiers, wave shaping circuits. Multivibrators and flip-flops and their
applications. Digital logic gate families, universal gates-combination circuits for
arithmetic and logic operational, sequential logic circuits. Counters, registers, RAM
and ROMs.
Page 27 of 28Page 28 of 28
4. Microprocessor
Microprocessor architecture-Instruction set and simple assembly language
programming. Interfacing for memory and I/O. Applications of Micro-processors in
power system.
5. Communication Systems
Types of modulation; AM, FM and PM. Demodulators. Noise and bandwidth
considerations. Digital communication systems. Pulse code modulation and
demodulation. Elements of sound and vision broadcasting. Carrier communication.
Frequency division and time division multiplexing, Telemetry system in power
engineering.
6. Power Electronics
Power Semiconductor devices. Thyristor. Power transistor, GTOs and
MOSFETS. Characteristics and operation. AC to DC Converters; 1phase and 3-phase
DC to DC Converters; AC regulators. Thyristor controlled reactors; switched capacitor
networks.
Inverters; single-phase and 3-phase. Pulse width modulation. Sinusoidal modulation
with uniform sampling. Switched mode power supplies.
SECTION-III - GENERAL ABILITY TEST
The candidate’s comprehension and understanding of general English shall be tested
through simple exercises. Questions on knowledge of current events and of such
matter of everyday observation and experience in their scientific aspects as may be
expected of an educated person. Questions will also be included on events and
developments in Tele Communications, History of India and Geography. These will be
of a nature, which can be answered without special study by an educated person.
A P P S C – A E E
PAPER – 1
GENERAL STUDIES
(COMMON FOR ALL CANDIDATES)
1. Science and Technology:
(A) General Science and Technology
(B) Role and impact of Science and Technology on India is development. (Questions will cover general appreciation and understanding of matters of everyday observation and experience as may be expected of a well – educated person who has not made a special study of science and technology disciplines)
2. INDIAN HISTORY AND CULTURE:
(A) Modern Indian history from 19th century to the present
(B) Nationalist Movement and Constitutional development
(C) Indian culture and Heritage including architecture, fine arts, dance forms music, paintings, folk arts and performing arts:
(D) History of andhradesa Society, Culture, Geography and Economic development
3. INDIAN POLITY:
General and broad understanding of the structural (institutions) and functional (processes) aspects of Indian political system
4. INDIAN ECONOMY AND GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA:
a) Structure of national economy
b) Economic development (including planning) since independence
c) Economic reforms
d) Physical economic and social geography of India.
5. CURRENT EVENTS:
Current events of regional, national and international importance
6. GENERAL MENTAL ABILITY:
(Reasoning and analytical abilities)
PAPER – 2
OPTIONAL ONLY FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SUBJECT
1. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS : active and passive network elements – dependent and independent sources response of passive elements to arbitrary excitations energy stored in inductance and capacitance kirchoffis loss – formations of mesh and nodel intergo differential equations – their solutions by classical and Laplace transformation methods -Transient and steady state response of RL,RC elements to impulse, step, ramp and sinusoidal inputs -single phase AC circuits methods of solutions poly phase circuits - analysis of balanced and unbalanced circuits – measurements of three phase power.
2. Electrical measurements and instruments: absolute and secondary instrument types – principle of operations of different type of instrument extension of instrument ranges – measurement of voltage, current, power and energy – localization of cable faults - Murray loop and varley loop tests – cathodes ray oscilloscope
3. Illumination: solid angle, luminous flux, luminous intensity -illumination and candle power- laws of illumination- flood lighting, street lighting – electric lamps.
4. DC generators and motors: types of DC generators - EMF equation constructional details - characteristics of shunt, series and compound generators – Armature reaction -types of DC motors – Torque developed in a DC motor - speed controls of DC motors and starters.
5. Transformers: constructional details - principle of operation - vector diagrams on no load and load – regulation and efficiency - equivalent circuits and tests for the determination of parameters of equivalent circuits - types of three phase transforms and their application Scott connection of transformers
6. 3 – Phase induction motors:
Principle of operation – cage and slip ring motors torque slip characteristics methods of speed control
7. 3- phase alternators: principle of operation and constructional details - types of alternators - synchronous impedance - voltage regulation short circuit ratio and its importance phase diagrams of round rotor and salient pole machines - synchronization behavior of an alternator connected to infinite bus - effect of varying excitation current and mechanical torque - power angle curves - control of active and relative powers
8. 3 – phase synchronous motors: principle of operation - torque developed and methods of staring - V and inverted V curves - effects of variations of excitation - synchronous condensers.
9. Single phase induction motors: type of single phase motors - types of single phase induction motors - characteristics and methods of string - shaded pole induction motor
PAPER – 3 :
OPTIONAL ONLY FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
1. Transmission & Distribution: Line constants – Inductance and Capacitance calculations Representation of over head lines – Short Medium and Long lines - ABCD constants Mechanical Design – Seg, Tension Calculations, Tuned Power Lines.
2. Over Head Line Insulators: Types of Insulators - Potential distributions over a string of suspension insulators - string efficiency - Methods of improving string efficiency.
3. Underground Cables: Insulation of cables - Grading of cables - Capacitance Measurement in cables - Testing of Cables - Power frequency withstand test.
4. Fault Calculations: Balanced Fault calculations on systems - Symmetrical components- Types of faults - Analysis of unbalanced faults
5. Generating Stations: Location and types, types of hydroelectric power stations, layout of a hydro power plant, types of turbines used - Pumped storage installations - Layout of thermal electric power stations, types of turbines used condensers, cooling towers, boiler feed pump; energy flow diagram of steam power plant. Nuclear power generation; nuclear fission types of nuclear power reactors – Principle of a fast breeder reactor
6. Protection: Characteristic of Relays – Over current, directional and distance protection of lines. Protection of Alternators against stator faults, rotor faults, loss of excitation, unbalanced loading, overloading, failure of prime – mover. Over speeding and over voltage. Protection of transformers against winding faults, overloads and external short circuits.
7. Circuit Breakers: Air – blast, oil, minimum oil, vacuum - sulphur hexafluoride and d.c. circuit breakers relative merits and demerits.
8. Economic Aspects: Generation costs and their classification, load curve, load utilization and plant capacity factors. Load sharing between base load and peak – load stations. Load forecasting. Economical distribution of load between unit within a plant and between plants. Modeling of fuel costs for thermal generation. Optimal operation of an all thermal generating system and of a hydro – thermal system. Consideration of transmission losses.
9. Utilization of Electrical Energy: Industrial drives – Motors for various drivers – Estimating and Rating – Testing of D. C. and A. C motors – Neutral Earthing
Monday, November 2, 2009
APGenco Assistant Engineer(Electrical) exam syllabus
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND NETWORKS:
Kirchhoff’s laws, mesh and node analysis, network theorems, sinusoidal steady state analysis of single phase and three phase circuits, resonance, transient response of RL, RC, RLC circuits for different inputs, two-port networks, Two element network synthesis.
CONTROL SYSTEMS:
Modelling of physical systems, Block diagrams and signal flow graphs, Time and frequency domain analysis, Steady state errors, Routh’s criterion, Nyquist and Bode plots, compensation, root loci, elementary ideas of state variable analysis, control system components .
MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION:
SI units, measurement of current, voltage, power, power-factor and energy, Measurement of resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency-bridge methods, transducers and their applications to the measurement of non-electrical quantities like temperature, pressure, strain, displacement etc., cathode ray oscilloscope.
AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS:
Characteristics of diodes, BJT, FET, SCR, Amplifier biasing, equivalent circuits, frequency response, feedback amplifiers, power amplifiers, oscillators ,operational amplifiers and applications, wave shaping circuits, multivibrators, flip-flops, universal gates, combinational circuits, A/D and D/A converters .
ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND POWER ELECTRONIC DRIVES:
Single phase transformer; equivalent circuit, tests, regulation and efficiency, three phase transformer connections parallel operation, auto transformer, principle of energy conversion, windings of rotating machines, DC generators and motors, characteristics, starting and speed control, three phase induction motors performance characteristics, starting and speed control, single phase induction motors, synchronous generators, performance, regulation, parallel operation, synchronous motors, starting characteristics and applications, synchronous condensers, fractional horse power motors, permanent magnet and stepper motors, Characteristics of Power electronic devices, phase control, bridge converters, choppers and inverters, basic concepts of adjustable speed drives.
POWER SYSTEMS:
Electrical power generation thermal, hydro, nuclear: transmission line parameters; steady state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables, surge propagation, distribution systems, insulators, bundle conductors, corona, and radio interference effects; per-unit quantities: bus admittance and impedance matrices: load flow: voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation, symmetrical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults; principles of over current, differential and distance protections, circuit breakers, concept of system stability, swing curves and equal area criterion.
Exam will be of 2 hours duration with 100 multiple choice questions. No negative marking.
Electrical Engineering Syllabus for IAS Preliminary & Main Exam
Electrical Engineering Syllabus for IAS Preliminary Exam
Electrical Circuits-Theory and Applications
Circuit components, network graphs, KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods : nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits and applications; coupled circuits and applications; balanced 3-phase circuits. Two port networks, driving point and transfer functions; poles and zeros of network functions.
Signals & Systems
Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals & systems ; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals.
Control Systems
Elements of control systems; block-diagram representations; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feed-back. LTI systems : time domain and transform domain analysis. Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Nyquists criterion. Bode-plots, Design of lead-lag compensators; Proportional, PI, PID controllers.
E.M. Theory
Electro-static and magneto-static fields; Maxwells equations; e.m. waves and wave equations; wave propagation and antennas; transmission lines; micro-wave resonators, cavities and wave guides.
Electrical Engineering Materials
Electrical/electronic behaviour of materials : conductivity; free-electrons and band-theory; intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductor, p-n junction; solar cells, super-conductivity. Dielectric behaviour of materials : polarization phenomena; piezo-electric phenomena. Magnetic materials: behaviour and application.
Analog Electronics
Diode circuits: rectifiers filters, clipping and clamping, zener diode and voltage regulation. Bipolar and field effect transistors (BJT, JFET and MOSFET) : Characteristics, biasing and small signal equivalent circuits. Basic amplifier circuits; differential amplifier circuits. Amplifiers : analysis, frequency response. Principles of feedback; OPAMP circuits; filters; oscillators.
Digital Electronics
Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean function; logic gates, digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits : latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits; ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories.
Communication Systems
Fourier analysis of signals : amplitude, phase and power spectrum, auto-correlation and cross-correlation and their Fourier transforms. Analog modulation systems : amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis; superheterodyne receivers. Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential PCM, delta modulation. Digital modulation schemes : amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Multiplexing : time-division, frequency-division. Additive Gaussian noise : characterization using correlation, probability density function, power spectral density, Signal-to-noise ratio calculations for AM and FM. Elements of digital communication systems : source coding, channel coding; digital modulation & demodulation. Elements of Information theory, channel capacity. Elements of satellite and mobile communication; principles of television engineering; radar engineering and radio aids to navigation.
Computers and Microprocessors
Computer organization : number representation and arithmetic, functional organization, machine instructions, addressing modes, ALU, hardwired and microprogrammed control, memory organization. Elements of microprocessors : 8-bit microprocessors -architecture, instruction set, assembly level programming, memory, I/O interfacing, microcontrollers and applications.
Measurement and Instrumentation
Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurements. Electronic measuring instruments: multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyser, distortion-meter. Transducers: thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guages, piezo-electric crystal. Use of transducers in measurement of non-electrical quantities. Data-acquisition systems.
Energy Conversion
Single-phase transformer : equivalent circuit, phasor-diagram, tests, regulation and efficiency; three-phase transformer; auto transformer. Principles of energy conversion-d.c. generators and motors: Performers characteristics, starting and speed control armature reaction and commutation; three-phase induction motor; performance characteristics, starting and speed control. Single-phase induction motor. Synchronous generators: performance characteristics, regulation, parallel operation. Synchronous motors: starting characteristics, applications; synchronous condensor. FHP motors, permanent magnet and stepper motors, brushless d.c. motors, single-phase motors.
Power Systems
Electric power generation : thermal, hydro, nuclear. Transmission line parameters: steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables. Distribution systems : insulators, bundle conductors, corona and radio interference effects; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction. Economic operation. Principles of over current, differential and distance protection; solid state relays, circuit breakers, concept of system stability. HVDC transmission.
Power Electronics and Electric Drives
Semiconductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET, static characteristics, principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase controlled rectifiers; bridge converters-fully controlled and half controlled; principles of thyristor chopper and inverter. Basic concept of speed control of DC and AC motor drives.
Elements of IC Fabrication Technology
Overview of IC Technology. Unit steps used in IC fabrication : wafer cleaning, photo-lithography, wet and dry etching, oxidation, diffusion, ion-implantation, CVD and LPCVD techniques for deposition of poly-silicon, silicon, silicon-pnitride and silicon dioxide; metallisation and passivation.
Electrical Engineering Syllabus for IAS Main Exam
Electrical Circuits–Theory and Applications
Circuit componets; network graphs; KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods : nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits and applications; coupled circuits and applications; balanced 3-phase circuits. Two-port networks, driving point and transfer functions; poles and zeros of network functions. Elements of networks synthesis. Filter-theory : design and applications. Active filters. Circuit simulation : Input formats; methods of education formulation; solution of equations; output formats; SPICE.
Signals & Systems
Representation of continuous–time and discrete-time signals & systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals through discrete-time systems.
E.M. Theory
Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions, reflaction and refraction of plane waves. Transmission line : Distributed parameter circuits, travelling and standing waves, impedance matching, Smith chart. Waveguides : parallel plane guide, TE, TM and TEM waves, rectangular and cylindrical wave guides, resonators. Planar transmission lines; stripline, microstripline.
Analog Electronics
Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits : clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability. FET amplifiers. Current mirror; Amplifiers : single and multi-stage, differential, operational, feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers; frequency-response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators : criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits. Power supplies.
Digital Electronics
Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits : latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).
Energy Conversion
Principles of electromechanical energy conversion : Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC machines : charateristics and performance analysis; starting and speed control of motors.
Transformers : principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction machines and synchronous machines : characteristics and preformance analysis; speed control. Special machines : Stepper motors, brushless dc motors, permanent magnet motors single-phase motors; FHP.
Power Electronics and Electric Drives :
Semiconductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET–static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters : fully-controlled and half-controlled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; basic concepts of speed control of dc and ac motor drives applications of variable-speed drives.
Analog Communication
Random variables : continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions. Statististical averages; probability models; Random signals and noise : white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio. Linear CW modulation : Amplitude modulation : DSB, DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation : PM & FM signals; narrowband FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Preemphasis. CW modulation system : Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio calculation for AM and FM receivers.
Microwaves and Antenna
Electromagnetic radiation, Propagation of waves : ground waves, sky wave, space wave, tropospheric scatter propagation. Extraterrestrial communications. Antenna : Various types, gain, resistance, band-width, beamwidth and polarization, effect of ground. Antenna coupling; high frequency antennas; microwave antennas; special purpose antennas. Microwave Services : Klystron, magnetron, TWT, gun diodes, Impatt, Bipolar and FETs, Microwave integrated circuits. Microwave measurements.
Paper-II
Control Systems
Elements of control systems; block-diagram representation; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feed-back. LTI systems : time-domain and transform-domain analysis. Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Nyquist’s criterion, Bode-plots, Design of lead-lad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State-variable representation and analysis of control systems. Principles of discrete-control systems.
Electrical Engineering Materials
Electrical/electronic behaviour of materials : conductivity; free-electrons and band-theory; intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor, p-n junction; solar cells, super-conductivity. Dielectric behaviour of materials; polarization phenomena; piezo-electric phenomena. Magnetic materials : behaviour and application. Photonic materials : refractive index, absorption and emission of light, optical fibres, lasers and opto-electronic materials.
Microprocessors and microcomputers
8-bit microprocessor : architecture, CPU, module design, memory interfacing, I/O, Peripheral controllers, Multiprocessing. IBM PC architecture : overview, introduction to DOS, Advanced microprocessors.
Measurement and Instrumentation
Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurement. Electronic measuring instruments : multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyser, distortion-meter. Transducers : thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guage, piezo-electric crystal. Use of transducers in measurements of non-electrical quantities. Data-acquisition systems.
IC Technology
Overview of IC Technology. Unit-steps used in IC fabrication : wafer cleaning, photo-lithography, wet and dry etching, oxidation, diffusion, ion-implantation, CVD and LPCVD techniques for deposition of poly-silicon, silicon, silicon-nitride and silicon di-oxide; metallisation and passivation.
Power Systems : Analysis and Control
Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance materices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation; symmeterical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Concept of system stability : swing curves and equal area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission; FACTS. Computer control and Automation : Introduction to energy control centres; various states of a power system; SCADA systems and RTUs. Active power control : Speed control of generators, tie-line control, frequency control. Economic dispatch.
Power system protection
Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit brakers. Computer aided protection : Introduction; line bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP to protection.
Non-conventional Energy Sources and Energy Management
Introduction to the energy problem; difficulties with conventional energy sources. Wind-Energy : Basics of Wind turbine aerodynamics; wind-energy conversion systems and their integration into electrical grid. Solar-Energy : Thermal conversion : photo-voltaic conversion. Wave-energy. Importance of Energy Management : Energy audit; energy economics : discount rate, payback period, internal rate of return, life cycle costing.
Digital Communiation
Pulse code modulation (PCM), diferential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM), Digital modulation and demodulation schemes : amplitude, phase and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control coding : error detection and correction, linear block codes, convolution codes. Information measure and source coding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture.
Satellite Communication, Radar and TV
Satellite Communincation : General overview and technical characteristics, earth station equipment, satellite link design, CNR of Satellite system. Radar : Basic principles, Pulsed systems : CW Doppler radar, FMCW radar, Phase array radars. Television Systems : Television systems and standards, Black-and White-and Colour-TV transmission and receiver systems.
Fibre Optic System
Multiplexing : Time division multiplexing, Frequency Division multiplexing. Optical properties of materials : Refractive index absorption and emission of light, optical fibres, lasers and optoelectronic materials Fibre optic links.
Electrical Circuits-Theory and Applications
Circuit components, network graphs, KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods : nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits and applications; coupled circuits and applications; balanced 3-phase circuits. Two port networks, driving point and transfer functions; poles and zeros of network functions.
Signals & Systems
Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals & systems ; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals.
Control Systems
Elements of control systems; block-diagram representations; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feed-back. LTI systems : time domain and transform domain analysis. Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Nyquists criterion. Bode-plots, Design of lead-lag compensators; Proportional, PI, PID controllers.
E.M. Theory
Electro-static and magneto-static fields; Maxwells equations; e.m. waves and wave equations; wave propagation and antennas; transmission lines; micro-wave resonators, cavities and wave guides.
Electrical Engineering Materials
Electrical/electronic behaviour of materials : conductivity; free-electrons and band-theory; intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductor, p-n junction; solar cells, super-conductivity. Dielectric behaviour of materials : polarization phenomena; piezo-electric phenomena. Magnetic materials: behaviour and application.
Analog Electronics
Diode circuits: rectifiers filters, clipping and clamping, zener diode and voltage regulation. Bipolar and field effect transistors (BJT, JFET and MOSFET) : Characteristics, biasing and small signal equivalent circuits. Basic amplifier circuits; differential amplifier circuits. Amplifiers : analysis, frequency response. Principles of feedback; OPAMP circuits; filters; oscillators.
Digital Electronics
Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean function; logic gates, digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits : latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits; ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories.
Communication Systems
Fourier analysis of signals : amplitude, phase and power spectrum, auto-correlation and cross-correlation and their Fourier transforms. Analog modulation systems : amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis; superheterodyne receivers. Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential PCM, delta modulation. Digital modulation schemes : amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Multiplexing : time-division, frequency-division. Additive Gaussian noise : characterization using correlation, probability density function, power spectral density, Signal-to-noise ratio calculations for AM and FM. Elements of digital communication systems : source coding, channel coding; digital modulation & demodulation. Elements of Information theory, channel capacity. Elements of satellite and mobile communication; principles of television engineering; radar engineering and radio aids to navigation.
Computers and Microprocessors
Computer organization : number representation and arithmetic, functional organization, machine instructions, addressing modes, ALU, hardwired and microprogrammed control, memory organization. Elements of microprocessors : 8-bit microprocessors -architecture, instruction set, assembly level programming, memory, I/O interfacing, microcontrollers and applications.
Measurement and Instrumentation
Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurements. Electronic measuring instruments: multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyser, distortion-meter. Transducers: thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guages, piezo-electric crystal. Use of transducers in measurement of non-electrical quantities. Data-acquisition systems.
Energy Conversion
Single-phase transformer : equivalent circuit, phasor-diagram, tests, regulation and efficiency; three-phase transformer; auto transformer. Principles of energy conversion-d.c. generators and motors: Performers characteristics, starting and speed control armature reaction and commutation; three-phase induction motor; performance characteristics, starting and speed control. Single-phase induction motor. Synchronous generators: performance characteristics, regulation, parallel operation. Synchronous motors: starting characteristics, applications; synchronous condensor. FHP motors, permanent magnet and stepper motors, brushless d.c. motors, single-phase motors.
Power Systems
Electric power generation : thermal, hydro, nuclear. Transmission line parameters: steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables. Distribution systems : insulators, bundle conductors, corona and radio interference effects; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction. Economic operation. Principles of over current, differential and distance protection; solid state relays, circuit breakers, concept of system stability. HVDC transmission.
Power Electronics and Electric Drives
Semiconductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET, static characteristics, principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase controlled rectifiers; bridge converters-fully controlled and half controlled; principles of thyristor chopper and inverter. Basic concept of speed control of DC and AC motor drives.
Elements of IC Fabrication Technology
Overview of IC Technology. Unit steps used in IC fabrication : wafer cleaning, photo-lithography, wet and dry etching, oxidation, diffusion, ion-implantation, CVD and LPCVD techniques for deposition of poly-silicon, silicon, silicon-pnitride and silicon dioxide; metallisation and passivation.
Electrical Engineering Syllabus for IAS Main Exam
Electrical Circuits–Theory and Applications
Circuit componets; network graphs; KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods : nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits and applications; coupled circuits and applications; balanced 3-phase circuits. Two-port networks, driving point and transfer functions; poles and zeros of network functions. Elements of networks synthesis. Filter-theory : design and applications. Active filters. Circuit simulation : Input formats; methods of education formulation; solution of equations; output formats; SPICE.
Signals & Systems
Representation of continuous–time and discrete-time signals & systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals through discrete-time systems.
E.M. Theory
Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions, reflaction and refraction of plane waves. Transmission line : Distributed parameter circuits, travelling and standing waves, impedance matching, Smith chart. Waveguides : parallel plane guide, TE, TM and TEM waves, rectangular and cylindrical wave guides, resonators. Planar transmission lines; stripline, microstripline.
Analog Electronics
Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits : clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability. FET amplifiers. Current mirror; Amplifiers : single and multi-stage, differential, operational, feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers; frequency-response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators : criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits. Power supplies.
Digital Electronics
Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits : latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).
Energy Conversion
Principles of electromechanical energy conversion : Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC machines : charateristics and performance analysis; starting and speed control of motors.
Transformers : principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction machines and synchronous machines : characteristics and preformance analysis; speed control. Special machines : Stepper motors, brushless dc motors, permanent magnet motors single-phase motors; FHP.
Power Electronics and Electric Drives :
Semiconductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET–static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters : fully-controlled and half-controlled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; basic concepts of speed control of dc and ac motor drives applications of variable-speed drives.
Analog Communication
Random variables : continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions. Statististical averages; probability models; Random signals and noise : white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio. Linear CW modulation : Amplitude modulation : DSB, DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation : PM & FM signals; narrowband FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Preemphasis. CW modulation system : Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio calculation for AM and FM receivers.
Microwaves and Antenna
Electromagnetic radiation, Propagation of waves : ground waves, sky wave, space wave, tropospheric scatter propagation. Extraterrestrial communications. Antenna : Various types, gain, resistance, band-width, beamwidth and polarization, effect of ground. Antenna coupling; high frequency antennas; microwave antennas; special purpose antennas. Microwave Services : Klystron, magnetron, TWT, gun diodes, Impatt, Bipolar and FETs, Microwave integrated circuits. Microwave measurements.
Paper-II
Control Systems
Elements of control systems; block-diagram representation; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feed-back. LTI systems : time-domain and transform-domain analysis. Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Nyquist’s criterion, Bode-plots, Design of lead-lad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State-variable representation and analysis of control systems. Principles of discrete-control systems.
Electrical Engineering Materials
Electrical/electronic behaviour of materials : conductivity; free-electrons and band-theory; intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor, p-n junction; solar cells, super-conductivity. Dielectric behaviour of materials; polarization phenomena; piezo-electric phenomena. Magnetic materials : behaviour and application. Photonic materials : refractive index, absorption and emission of light, optical fibres, lasers and opto-electronic materials.
Microprocessors and microcomputers
8-bit microprocessor : architecture, CPU, module design, memory interfacing, I/O, Peripheral controllers, Multiprocessing. IBM PC architecture : overview, introduction to DOS, Advanced microprocessors.
Measurement and Instrumentation
Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurement. Electronic measuring instruments : multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyser, distortion-meter. Transducers : thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guage, piezo-electric crystal. Use of transducers in measurements of non-electrical quantities. Data-acquisition systems.
IC Technology
Overview of IC Technology. Unit-steps used in IC fabrication : wafer cleaning, photo-lithography, wet and dry etching, oxidation, diffusion, ion-implantation, CVD and LPCVD techniques for deposition of poly-silicon, silicon, silicon-nitride and silicon di-oxide; metallisation and passivation.
Power Systems : Analysis and Control
Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance materices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation; symmeterical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Concept of system stability : swing curves and equal area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission; FACTS. Computer control and Automation : Introduction to energy control centres; various states of a power system; SCADA systems and RTUs. Active power control : Speed control of generators, tie-line control, frequency control. Economic dispatch.
Power system protection
Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit brakers. Computer aided protection : Introduction; line bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP to protection.
Non-conventional Energy Sources and Energy Management
Introduction to the energy problem; difficulties with conventional energy sources. Wind-Energy : Basics of Wind turbine aerodynamics; wind-energy conversion systems and their integration into electrical grid. Solar-Energy : Thermal conversion : photo-voltaic conversion. Wave-energy. Importance of Energy Management : Energy audit; energy economics : discount rate, payback period, internal rate of return, life cycle costing.
Digital Communiation
Pulse code modulation (PCM), diferential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM), Digital modulation and demodulation schemes : amplitude, phase and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control coding : error detection and correction, linear block codes, convolution codes. Information measure and source coding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture.
Satellite Communication, Radar and TV
Satellite Communincation : General overview and technical characteristics, earth station equipment, satellite link design, CNR of Satellite system. Radar : Basic principles, Pulsed systems : CW Doppler radar, FMCW radar, Phase array radars. Television Systems : Television systems and standards, Black-and White-and Colour-TV transmission and receiver systems.
Fibre Optic System
Multiplexing : Time division multiplexing, Frequency Division multiplexing. Optical properties of materials : Refractive index absorption and emission of light, optical fibres, lasers and optoelectronic materials Fibre optic links.
IES ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING PAPER - I
(For both objective and conventional type papers)
1. Materials and Components :
Structure and properties of Electrical Engineering materials; Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators, magnetic, Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric, Ceramic, Optical and Super-conducting materials. Passive components and characteristics Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors; Ferrites, Quartz crystal Ceramic resonators, Electromagnetic and Electromechanical components.
2. Physical Electronics, Electron Devices and ICs:
Electrons and holes in semiconductors, Carrier Statistics, Mechanism of current flow in a semiconductor, Hall effect; Junction theory; Different types of diodes and their characteristics; Bipolar Junction transistor; Field effect transistors; Power switching devices like SCRs, GTOs, power MOSFETS; Basics of ICs - bipolar, MOS and CMOS types; basic of Opto Electronics.
3. Signals and Systems
Classification of signals and systems: System modelling in terms of differential and difference equations; State variable representation; Fourier series; Fourier transforms and their application to system analysis; Laplace transforms and their application to system analysis; Convolution and superposition integrals and their applications; Z-transforms and their applications to the analysis and characterisation of discrete time systems; Random signals and probability, Correlation functions; Spectral density; Response of linear system to random inputs.
4. Network theory
Network analysis techniques; Network theorems, transient response, steady state sinusoidal response; Network graphs and their applications in network analysis; Tellegen's theorem. Two port networks; Z, Y, h and transmission parameters. Combination of two ports, analysis of common two ports. Network functions : parts of network functions, obtaining a network function from a given part. Transmission criteria : delay and rise time, Elmore's and other definitions effect of cascading. Elements of network synthesis.
5. Electromagnetic Theory
Analysis of electrostatic and magnetostatic fields; Laplace's and Poisson's equations; Boundary value problems and their solutions; Maxwell's equations; application to wave propagation in bounded and unbounded media; Transmission lines : basic theory, standing waves, matching applications, microstrip lines; Basics of wave guides and resonators; Elements of antenna theory.
6. Electronic Measurements and instrumentation
Basic concepts, standards and error analysis; Measurements of basic electrical quantities and parameters; Electronic measuring instruments and their principles of working : analog and digital, comparison, characteristics, application. Transducers; Electronic measurements of non electrical quantities like temperature, pressure, humidity etc; basics of telemetry for industrial use.
ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING PAPER - II
(For both objective and conventional type papers)
1. Analog Electronic Circuits :
Transistor biasing and stabilization. Small signal analysis. Power amplifiers. Frequency response. Wide banding techniques. Feedback amplifiers. Tuned amplifiers. Oscillators. Rectifiers and power supplies. Op Amp, PLL, other linear integrated circuits and applications. Pulse shaping circuits and waveform generators.
2. Digital Electronic Circuits :
Transistor as a switching element; Boolean algebra, simplification of Boolean functions, Karnaguh map and applications; IC Logic gates and their characteristics; IC logic families : DTL, TTL, ECL, NMOS, PMOS and CMOS gates and their comparison; Combinational logic Circuits; Half adder, Full adder; Digital comparator; Multiplexer Demulti-plexer; ROM an their applications. Flip flops. R-S, J-K, D and T flip-flops; Different types of counters and registers Waveform generators. A/D and D/A converters. Semiconductor memories.
3. Control Systems :
Transient and steady state response of control systems; Effect of feedback on stability and sensitivity; Root locus techniques; Frequency response analysis. Concepts of gain and phase margins: Constant-M and Constant-N Nichol's Chart; Approximation of transient response from Constant-N Nichol's Chart; Approximation of transient response from closed loop frequency response; Design of Control Systems, Compensators; Industrial controllers.
4. Communication Systems :
Basic information theory; Modulation and detection in analogue and digital systems; Sampling and data reconstructions; Quantization & coding; Time division and frequency division multiplexing; Equalization; Optical Communication : in free space & fiber optic; Propagation of signals at HF, VHF, UHF and microwave frequency; Satellite Communication.
5. Microwave Engineering :
Microwave Tubes and solid state devices, Microwave generation and amplifiers, Waveguides and other Microwave Components and Circuits, Microstrip circuits, Microwave Antennas, Microwave Measurements, Masers, lasers; Microwave propagation.
Microwave Communication Systems terrestrial and Satellite based.
6. Computer Engineering :
Number Systems. Data representation; Programming; Elements of a high level programming language PASCAL/C; Use of basic data structures; Fundamentals of computer architecture; Processor design; Control unit design; Memory organisation, I/o System Organisation. Microprocessors : Architecture and instruction set of Microprocessors 8085 and 8086, Assembly language Programming. Microprocessor Based system design : typical examples. Personal computers and their typical uses.
(For both objective and conventional type papers)
1. Materials and Components :
Structure and properties of Electrical Engineering materials; Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators, magnetic, Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric, Ceramic, Optical and Super-conducting materials. Passive components and characteristics Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors; Ferrites, Quartz crystal Ceramic resonators, Electromagnetic and Electromechanical components.
2. Physical Electronics, Electron Devices and ICs:
Electrons and holes in semiconductors, Carrier Statistics, Mechanism of current flow in a semiconductor, Hall effect; Junction theory; Different types of diodes and their characteristics; Bipolar Junction transistor; Field effect transistors; Power switching devices like SCRs, GTOs, power MOSFETS; Basics of ICs - bipolar, MOS and CMOS types; basic of Opto Electronics.
3. Signals and Systems
Classification of signals and systems: System modelling in terms of differential and difference equations; State variable representation; Fourier series; Fourier transforms and their application to system analysis; Laplace transforms and their application to system analysis; Convolution and superposition integrals and their applications; Z-transforms and their applications to the analysis and characterisation of discrete time systems; Random signals and probability, Correlation functions; Spectral density; Response of linear system to random inputs.
4. Network theory
Network analysis techniques; Network theorems, transient response, steady state sinusoidal response; Network graphs and their applications in network analysis; Tellegen's theorem. Two port networks; Z, Y, h and transmission parameters. Combination of two ports, analysis of common two ports. Network functions : parts of network functions, obtaining a network function from a given part. Transmission criteria : delay and rise time, Elmore's and other definitions effect of cascading. Elements of network synthesis.
5. Electromagnetic Theory
Analysis of electrostatic and magnetostatic fields; Laplace's and Poisson's equations; Boundary value problems and their solutions; Maxwell's equations; application to wave propagation in bounded and unbounded media; Transmission lines : basic theory, standing waves, matching applications, microstrip lines; Basics of wave guides and resonators; Elements of antenna theory.
6. Electronic Measurements and instrumentation
Basic concepts, standards and error analysis; Measurements of basic electrical quantities and parameters; Electronic measuring instruments and their principles of working : analog and digital, comparison, characteristics, application. Transducers; Electronic measurements of non electrical quantities like temperature, pressure, humidity etc; basics of telemetry for industrial use.
ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING PAPER - II
(For both objective and conventional type papers)
1. Analog Electronic Circuits :
Transistor biasing and stabilization. Small signal analysis. Power amplifiers. Frequency response. Wide banding techniques. Feedback amplifiers. Tuned amplifiers. Oscillators. Rectifiers and power supplies. Op Amp, PLL, other linear integrated circuits and applications. Pulse shaping circuits and waveform generators.
2. Digital Electronic Circuits :
Transistor as a switching element; Boolean algebra, simplification of Boolean functions, Karnaguh map and applications; IC Logic gates and their characteristics; IC logic families : DTL, TTL, ECL, NMOS, PMOS and CMOS gates and their comparison; Combinational logic Circuits; Half adder, Full adder; Digital comparator; Multiplexer Demulti-plexer; ROM an their applications. Flip flops. R-S, J-K, D and T flip-flops; Different types of counters and registers Waveform generators. A/D and D/A converters. Semiconductor memories.
3. Control Systems :
Transient and steady state response of control systems; Effect of feedback on stability and sensitivity; Root locus techniques; Frequency response analysis. Concepts of gain and phase margins: Constant-M and Constant-N Nichol's Chart; Approximation of transient response from Constant-N Nichol's Chart; Approximation of transient response from closed loop frequency response; Design of Control Systems, Compensators; Industrial controllers.
4. Communication Systems :
Basic information theory; Modulation and detection in analogue and digital systems; Sampling and data reconstructions; Quantization & coding; Time division and frequency division multiplexing; Equalization; Optical Communication : in free space & fiber optic; Propagation of signals at HF, VHF, UHF and microwave frequency; Satellite Communication.
5. Microwave Engineering :
Microwave Tubes and solid state devices, Microwave generation and amplifiers, Waveguides and other Microwave Components and Circuits, Microstrip circuits, Microwave Antennas, Microwave Measurements, Masers, lasers; Microwave propagation.
Microwave Communication Systems terrestrial and Satellite based.
6. Computer Engineering :
Number Systems. Data representation; Programming; Elements of a high level programming language PASCAL/C; Use of basic data structures; Fundamentals of computer architecture; Processor design; Control unit design; Memory organisation, I/o System Organisation. Microprocessors : Architecture and instruction set of Microprocessors 8085 and 8086, Assembly language Programming. Microprocessor Based system design : typical examples. Personal computers and their typical uses.
IES ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PAPER - I
(For both objective and conventional types papers)
1. EM Theory
Electric and magnetic fields. Gauss's Law and Amperes Law. Fields in dielectrics, conductors and magnetic materials. Maxwell's equations. Time varying fields. Plane-Wave propagating in dielectric and conducting media. Transmission lines.
2. Electrical Materials
Band Theory, Conductors, Semi-conductors and Insulators. Super-conductivity. Insulators for electrical and electronic applications. Magnetic materials. Ferro and ferri magnetism. Ceramics, Properties and applications. Hall effect and its applications. Special semi conductors.
3. Electrical Circuits
Circuits elements. Kirchoff's Laws. Mesh and nodal analysis. Network Theorems and applications. Natural response and forced response. Transient response and steady state response for arbitrary inputs. Properties of networks in terms of poles and zeros. Transfer function. Resonant circuits. Threephase circuits. Two-port networks. Elements of two-element network synthesis.
4. Measurements and Instrumentation
Units and Standards. Error analysis, measurement of current, Voltage, power, Power-factor and energy. Indicating instruments. Measurement of resistance, inductance, Capacitance and frequency. Bridge measurements. Electronic measuring instruments. Digital Voltmeter and frequency counter. Transducers and their applications to the measurement of non-electrical quantities like temperature, pressure, flow-rate displacement, acceleration, noise level etc. Data acquisition systems. A/D and D/A converters.
5. CONTROL SYSTEMS.
Mathematical modelling of physical systems. Block diagrams and signal flow graphs and their reduction. Time domain and frequency domain analysis of linear dynamical system. Errors for different type of inputs and stability criteria for feedback systems. Stability analysis using Routh-Hurwitz array, Nyquist plot and Bode plot. Root locus and Nicols chart and the estimation of gain and phase margin. Basic concepts of compensator design. State variable matrix and its use in system modelling and design. Sampled data system and performance of such a system with the samples in the error channel. Stability of sampled data system. Elements of non-linear control analysis. Control system components, electromechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic components.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PAPER - II
(For both objective and conventional types papers)
1. Electrical Machines and Power Transformers
Magnetic Circuits - Analysis and Design of Power transformers. Construction and testing. Equivalent circuits. Losses and efficiency. Regulation. Auto-transformer, 3-phase transformer. Parallel operation.
Basic concepts in rotating machines. EMF, torque, basic machine types. Construction and operation, leakage losses and efficiency.
B.C. Machines. Construction, Excitation methods. Circuit models. Armature reaction and commutation. Characteristics and performance analysis. Generators and motors. Starting and speed control. Testing, Losses and efficiency.
Synchronous Machines. Construction. Circuit model. Operating characteristics and performance analysis. Synchronous reactance. Efficiency. Voltage regulation. Salient-pole machine, Parallel operation. Hunting. Short circuit transients.
Induction Machines. Construction. Principle of operation. Rotating fields. Characteristics and performance analysis. Determination of circuit model. Circle diagram. Starting and speed control.
Fractional KW motors. Single-phase synchronous and induction motors.
2. Power systems
Types of Power Stations, Hydro, Thermal and Nuclear Stations. Pumped storage plants. Economics and operating factors.
Power transmission lines. Modeling and performance characteristics. Voltage control. Load flow studies. Optimal power system operation. Load frequency control. Symmetrical short circuit analysis. ZBus formulation. Symmetrical Components. Per Unit representation. Fault analysis. Transient and steady-state stability of power systems. Equal area criterion.
Power system Transients. Power system Protection Circuit breakers. Relays. HVDC transmission.
3. ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND CIRCUITS
Semiconductor device physics, PN junctions and transistors, circuit models and parameters, FET, Zener, tunnel, Schottky, photo diodes and their applications, rectifier circuits, voltage regulators and multipliers, switching behavior of diodes and transistors.
Small signal amplifiers, biasing circuits, frequency response and improvement, multistage amplifiers and feed-back amplifiers, D.C. amplifiers, Oscillators. Large signal amplifiers, coupling methods, push pull amplifiers, operational amplifiers, wave shaping circuits. Multivibrators and flip-flops and their applications. Digital logic gate families, universal gates-combination circuits for arithmetic and logic operational, sequential logic circuits. Counters, registers, RAM and ROMs.
4. MICROPROCESSORS
Microprocessor architecture-Instruction set and simple assembly language programming. Interfacing for memory and I/O. Applications of Micro-processors in power system.
5. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Types of modulation; AM, FM and PM. Demodulators. Noise and bandwidth considerations. Digital communication systems. Pulse code modulation and demodulation. Elements of sound and vision broadcasting. Carrier communication. Frequency division and time division multiplexing, Telemetry system in power engineering.
6. POWER ELECTRONICS
Power Semiconductor devices. Thyristor. Power transistor, GTOs and MOSFETS. Characteristics and operation. AC to DC Converters; 1-phase and 3-phase DC to DC Converters; AC regulators. Thyristor controlled reactors; switched capacitor networks.
Inverters; single-phase and 3-phase. Pulse width modulation. Sinusoidal modulation with uniform sampling. Switched mode power supplies.
(For both objective and conventional types papers)
1. EM Theory
Electric and magnetic fields. Gauss's Law and Amperes Law. Fields in dielectrics, conductors and magnetic materials. Maxwell's equations. Time varying fields. Plane-Wave propagating in dielectric and conducting media. Transmission lines.
2. Electrical Materials
Band Theory, Conductors, Semi-conductors and Insulators. Super-conductivity. Insulators for electrical and electronic applications. Magnetic materials. Ferro and ferri magnetism. Ceramics, Properties and applications. Hall effect and its applications. Special semi conductors.
3. Electrical Circuits
Circuits elements. Kirchoff's Laws. Mesh and nodal analysis. Network Theorems and applications. Natural response and forced response. Transient response and steady state response for arbitrary inputs. Properties of networks in terms of poles and zeros. Transfer function. Resonant circuits. Threephase circuits. Two-port networks. Elements of two-element network synthesis.
4. Measurements and Instrumentation
Units and Standards. Error analysis, measurement of current, Voltage, power, Power-factor and energy. Indicating instruments. Measurement of resistance, inductance, Capacitance and frequency. Bridge measurements. Electronic measuring instruments. Digital Voltmeter and frequency counter. Transducers and their applications to the measurement of non-electrical quantities like temperature, pressure, flow-rate displacement, acceleration, noise level etc. Data acquisition systems. A/D and D/A converters.
5. CONTROL SYSTEMS.
Mathematical modelling of physical systems. Block diagrams and signal flow graphs and their reduction. Time domain and frequency domain analysis of linear dynamical system. Errors for different type of inputs and stability criteria for feedback systems. Stability analysis using Routh-Hurwitz array, Nyquist plot and Bode plot. Root locus and Nicols chart and the estimation of gain and phase margin. Basic concepts of compensator design. State variable matrix and its use in system modelling and design. Sampled data system and performance of such a system with the samples in the error channel. Stability of sampled data system. Elements of non-linear control analysis. Control system components, electromechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic components.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PAPER - II
(For both objective and conventional types papers)
1. Electrical Machines and Power Transformers
Magnetic Circuits - Analysis and Design of Power transformers. Construction and testing. Equivalent circuits. Losses and efficiency. Regulation. Auto-transformer, 3-phase transformer. Parallel operation.
Basic concepts in rotating machines. EMF, torque, basic machine types. Construction and operation, leakage losses and efficiency.
B.C. Machines. Construction, Excitation methods. Circuit models. Armature reaction and commutation. Characteristics and performance analysis. Generators and motors. Starting and speed control. Testing, Losses and efficiency.
Synchronous Machines. Construction. Circuit model. Operating characteristics and performance analysis. Synchronous reactance. Efficiency. Voltage regulation. Salient-pole machine, Parallel operation. Hunting. Short circuit transients.
Induction Machines. Construction. Principle of operation. Rotating fields. Characteristics and performance analysis. Determination of circuit model. Circle diagram. Starting and speed control.
Fractional KW motors. Single-phase synchronous and induction motors.
2. Power systems
Types of Power Stations, Hydro, Thermal and Nuclear Stations. Pumped storage plants. Economics and operating factors.
Power transmission lines. Modeling and performance characteristics. Voltage control. Load flow studies. Optimal power system operation. Load frequency control. Symmetrical short circuit analysis. ZBus formulation. Symmetrical Components. Per Unit representation. Fault analysis. Transient and steady-state stability of power systems. Equal area criterion.
Power system Transients. Power system Protection Circuit breakers. Relays. HVDC transmission.
3. ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND CIRCUITS
Semiconductor device physics, PN junctions and transistors, circuit models and parameters, FET, Zener, tunnel, Schottky, photo diodes and their applications, rectifier circuits, voltage regulators and multipliers, switching behavior of diodes and transistors.
Small signal amplifiers, biasing circuits, frequency response and improvement, multistage amplifiers and feed-back amplifiers, D.C. amplifiers, Oscillators. Large signal amplifiers, coupling methods, push pull amplifiers, operational amplifiers, wave shaping circuits. Multivibrators and flip-flops and their applications. Digital logic gate families, universal gates-combination circuits for arithmetic and logic operational, sequential logic circuits. Counters, registers, RAM and ROMs.
4. MICROPROCESSORS
Microprocessor architecture-Instruction set and simple assembly language programming. Interfacing for memory and I/O. Applications of Micro-processors in power system.
5. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Types of modulation; AM, FM and PM. Demodulators. Noise and bandwidth considerations. Digital communication systems. Pulse code modulation and demodulation. Elements of sound and vision broadcasting. Carrier communication. Frequency division and time division multiplexing, Telemetry system in power engineering.
6. POWER ELECTRONICS
Power Semiconductor devices. Thyristor. Power transistor, GTOs and MOSFETS. Characteristics and operation. AC to DC Converters; 1-phase and 3-phase DC to DC Converters; AC regulators. Thyristor controlled reactors; switched capacitor networks.
Inverters; single-phase and 3-phase. Pulse width modulation. Sinusoidal modulation with uniform sampling. Switched mode power supplies.
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING - EC
Engineering Mathematics
Linear Algebra: Matrix Algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors.
Calculus: Mean value theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial Derivatives, Maxima and minima, Multiple integrals, Fourier series. Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green's theorems.
Differential equations: First order equation (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Method of variation of parameters, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Partial Differential Equations and variable separable method.
Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem and integral formula, Taylor's and Laurent' series, Residue theorem, solution integrals.
Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Discrete and continuous distributions, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distribution, Correlation and regression analysis.
Numerical Methods: Solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, single and multi-step methods for differential equations.
Transform Theory: Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform.
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Networks: Network graphs: matrices associated with graphs; incidence, fundamental cut set and fundamental circuit matrices. Solution methods: nodal and mesh analysis. Network theorems: superposition, Thevenin and Norton's maximum power transfer, Wye-Delta transformation. Steady state sinusoidal analysis using phasors. Linear constant coefficient differential equations; time domain analysis of simple RLC circuits, Solution of network equations using Laplace transform: frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits. 2-port network parameters: driving point and transfer functions. State equations for networks.
Electronic Devices: Energy bands in silicon, intrinsic and extrinsic silicon. Carrier transport in silicon: diffusion current, drift current, mobility, and resistivity. Generation and recombination of carriers. p-n junction diode, Zener diode, tunnel diode, BJT, JFET, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, p-I-n and avalanche photo diode, Basics of LASERs. Device technology: integrated circuits fabrication process, oxidation, diffusion, ion implantation, photolithography, n-tub, p-tub and twin-tub CMOS process.
Analog Circuits: Small Signal Equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTs, MOSFETs and analog CMOS. Simple diode circuits, clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability of transistor and FET amplifiers. Amplifiers: single-and multi-stage, differential and operational, feedback, and power. Frequency response of amplifiers. Simple op-amp circuits. Filters. Sinusoidal oscillators; criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and op-amp configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits, 555 Timers. Power supplies.
Digital circuits: Boolean algebra, minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinatorial circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders, PROMs and PLAs. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs, DACs. Semiconductor memories. Microprocessor(8085): architecture, programming, memory and I/O interfacing.
Signals and Systems: Definitions and properties of Laplace transform, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier series, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier Transform, DFT and FFT, z-transform. Sampling theorem. Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Systems: definitions and properties; causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and zeros, parallel and cascade structure, frequency response, group delay, phase delay. Signal transmission through LTI systems.
Control Systems: Basic control system components; block diagrammatic description, reduction of block diagrams. Open loop and closed loop (feedback) systems and stability analysis of these systems. Signal flow graphs and their use in determining transfer functions of systems; transient and steady state analysis of LTI control systems and frequency response. Tools and techniques for LTI control system analysis: root loci, Routh-Hurwitz criterion, Bode and Nyquist plots. Control system compensators: elements of lead and lag compensation, elements of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control. State variable representation and solution of state equation of LTI control systems.
Communications: Random signals and noise: probability, random variables, probability density function, autocorrelation, power spectral density. Analog communication systems: amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis of these operations, superheterodyne receivers; elements of hardware, realizations of analog communication systems; signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations for amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) for low noise conditions. Fundamentals of information theory and channel capacity theorem. Digital communication systems: pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), digital modulation schemes: amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK), matched filter receivers, bandwidth consideration and probability of error calculations for these schemes. Basics of TDMA, FDMA and CDMA and GSM.
Electromagnetics: Elements of vector calculus: divergence and curl; Gauss' and Stokes' theorems, Maxwell's equations: differential and integral forms. Wave equation, Poynting vector. Plane waves: propagation through various media; reflection and refraction; phase and group velocity; skin depth. Transmission lines: characteristic impedance; impedance transformation; Smith chart; impedance matching; S parameters, pulse excitation. Waveguides: modes in rectangular waveguides; boundary conditions; cut-off frequencies; dispersion relations. Basics of propagation in dielectric waveguide and optical fibers. Basics of Antennas: Dipole antennas; radiation pattern; antenna gain.
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